1.14 Buffer Overflow
A buffer overflow attack is done by deliberately entering more data than a program was written to handle. Buffer overflow attacks exploit a lack of boundary checking on the size of input being stored in a buffer. The extra data will overflow the memory set aside to accept it and overwrite another region of memory that was meant to hold some of the program’s instructions. The effect is a cascade, which can eventually halt the application or the system it is running on. The newly introduced values can be new instructions, which could give the attacker control of the target computer depending on what was input. Just about every system is vulnerable to buffer overflows. For example, if a hacker sends an email to a Microsoft Outlook user using an address that is longer than 256 characters, he will force the buffer to overflow. The recipient wouldn’t even have to open the e-mail for this type of attack to be successful; the attack is successful as soon as the message is downloaded from the server. Microsoft quickly released a patch for this issue after it was discovered in October 2000 (James C. Foster, 2005)
1.15 Cookie Poisoning
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The hacker is usually a registered customer and is familiar with the application in question. The hacker may alter a cookie stored on her computer and send it back to the Web site. Because the application does not expect changes to the cookie, it may process the poisoned cookie. The effects are usually the changing of fixed data fields, such as changing prices on an e-commerce site or changing the identity of the user logged in to the site—or anyone else the hacker chooses. The hacker is then able to perform transactions using someone else’s account information. The ability to actually perform this hack is actually as a result of poor encryption techniques on the Web developer’s
The purpose of this paper is to touch on the issue of Hacking. It will go into detail about the history, evolution, future and prevention of Hacking. In addition, this paper will discuss different types of hackers and their motivation behind hacking. This paper examines the major impact caused by malicious hackers and give modern examples of such attacks. To conclude, it will predict how hacking will be in the near future and give the precautionary measures Information Security professionals can take to mitigate the risk of being victimized.
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This type of attack is usually used for bringing down the systems at once by constantly sending massive amount of URL requests or overloading the server’s network traffic with bogus information. This is purposefully done to either a user’s system or the whole network to interrupt it partially or render it completely useless. When the system is brought down to its knees, the crackers either transform the complete system/website or do some manipulate some particular component to benefit from
Buffer Overflow is where a program over runs the buffer’s boundary in RAM and over writes the adjacent memory. “This can be triggered by inputs that are designed to execute or alter the way the program operates. This may result in erratic program behaviour, including memory access errors, incorrect results, a crash, or a breach of system security. Thus, they are the basis of many software vulnerabilities and can be maliciously exploited.” [Accessed
We know that buffer-overflow attacks are performed by overflowing the buffer on a stack frame and overwriting the return address of the function, thereby jumping to another portion of the stack frame that contains malicious executable code that had been placed there as a result of the buffer overflow.
Is an anomaly where a program while writing data to a buffer, overruns the buffers boundary and overwrites adjacent memory, this is a special case of violation of memory safety.
A(n) ____ is an application error that occurs when more data is sent to a buffer than it can handle.
A computation involving unsigned or signed. An integer overflow occurs when an integer is increased beyond its maximum value or reduced beyond its minimum value.
Computer hacking: Is the practice of modifying computer hardware and software to accomplish a goal outside of the creator’s original purpose. People who engage in computer hacking activities are often called hackers. Since the word “hack” has long been used to describe someone who is incompetent at his/her profession, some hackers claim this term is offensive and fails to give appropriate recognition to their skills. The majority of hackers are technology buffs. They are self-motivated and learning about computers is their true passion. ("What Is Computer Hacking?" WiseGEEK. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 July 2013).
Hacking is the process of gaining unauthorized access to information through various means like systems or computers. In the context of computer security, a hacker is that person who looks for weakness in a system so that they can gain access to unauthorized information. They are motivated by various reasons like protest, profits or evaluating the entire system weaknesses.
Web applications are nowadays serving as a company’s public face to the internet. This has created the need to identify threats and attacks directed to data servers and web applications. Hackers exploit vulnerabilities in input validation and authentication affecting the web application in order to gain illegal access and disclose sensitive data or manipulate it to their benefits.
Due to the fact that the web is getting faster and faster and evolves every day and increasing its speed, it allows the hackers to do more effectively some kinds of crimes that require speed and skills. For example robbing money from an account before anyone can trace back the
Outsider attackers often called hackers because they gain access to system without authorization or permission from the owners or legitimate user. With information technology, comes increase risk of fraud and information theft. Hackers can steel sensitive information from one organization and sell it to a
Q1. In the description of the Hack machine language in chapter 4, it is stated that in well-written programs a C-instruction that may cause a jump should not contain a reference to M, and vice versa. Discuss why this should be avoided.
Their operations are very slick and swift such that stolen data is quickly exploited within seconds of being submitted by unsuspecting victims. Since 2005, over 400,000 databases have been compromised since 2005, and thousands more have gone unnoticed or reported. About 40 percent of those involved in IT security have no fixed figure on the number of hackings their companies have experienced. One of the rapidly increasing areas of ecommerce is in the use of web-based applications to replace traditional over-the counter transactions. Hackers have expectedly, latched on. According to a study by Gartner, over 75 percent of Internet security breaches are due to flaws and loop holes in software. The reason for this is that, applications are normally designed and put together quickly to get the system running, and no time is spend analyzing and assessing security implications. As computer hackers continue to step up their operations in line with technology advancements, the securities and future industry recorded a 150 percent increase in the number of suspicious activities detected by their systems. During the same time, research carried out at the University of Maryland indicated that a computer connected to the Internet was subject to an attempted hack every 40 seconds. The battle between ecommerce websites and consumers wages on, according to an independent analyst, ‘consumers are losing a tug of war.’ Simon Smelt, an economist who runs a survey company