Unit 8 Dna Research Paper

Sedna is a planetoid that is the furthest known object in our solar system. It was discovered on November 14, 2003. On average, Sedna is about 507 AU from the sun. Sedna's radius is probably about 890 kilometers. It can be found 13 billion kilometers away. Sedna is 939 AU from the sun at its most distant, meaning it is about three times further away from the sun than Pluto. It's distance from Earth on average is 938 AU. Astronomers to not yet know what Sedna is made of. Sedna orbits the sun, but it takes 11,000 years for Sedna to complete its orbit. Sedna is possibly the first detection of the theorized Oort cloud. The Oort cloud is hypothesized to supply comets that pass by Earth. However, Sedna is ten times closer than astronomers predicted the Oort

Every person has his or her own unique sets of DNA. DNA is a molecule that holds the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of organisms. The DNA coding is needed to produce proteins. These proteins are needed to catalyze reactions for cell replication. Furthermore, multiple cells create different body systems in order to maintain homeostasis.

Every human being in the world is different, except for identical twins. Everyone is made up of different DNA that is passed on from the mother and father to the individual. It’s what makes the world unique and diverse. DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long molecule that contains our unique genetic code (Genome Campus, 2016). DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell. It’s made up of a nucleotide strand that contains a phosphate molecule, ribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base. There are four different nitrogenous bases called Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine. The phosphate molecule and the ribose sugar join to act like a backbone (Kerns, 2017). The four different bases connect to this and act like the steps on a ladder. When these three parts of DNA bond together, hydrogen bonds are formed. The four bases are separated into two different categories. Adenine and Guanine are purines and can only bond together, and Thymine and Cytosine are Pyrimidines and can only bond together. This is

From childbirth to birth to death the government it must be difficult for the government to keep track of all the citizens in the United States. Therefore from the cradle to the grave the government is looking for ways to keep track all the people. DNA database of all citizens would be crucial in helping to monitor the population. It would be a valuable tool for catching criminals, because DNA is sometime found at crime scenes. However, some think a DNA database would be an invasion of privacy, and it could be abused if it got into the wrong hands. The thought of the government controlling DNA database of every American is attempting to work its way into citizen’s lives. This could lead to corruption and abuse of DNA. The government

Scientists have found the complete set of DNA in the human body to be interconnected. This DNA makes up every component of the body from head to toe and work in harmony which is an incredible feat. Genomes carry the thoughts ideas actions and characteristics of living creatures.

A DNA molecule is composed of a continuous string of deoxyribonucleotides. These nucleotides are composed of 5-Carbon sugar (deoxyribose), Nitrogenous base Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine, the phosphate group. DNA is usually a double-helix and has two strands running in opposite directions. Each chain is a polymer of subunits called nucleotides. Each strand has a backbone made up of sugar molecules linked together by phosphate groups. The bases are leaning perpendicularly to the helix axis. They are hydrophobic in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the bases. The interaction energy between two bases in a double-helical structure is, as a result, a combination of hydrogen-bonding between corresponding bases and hydrophobic interactions between the neighboring stacks of base-pairs. Watson and Crick conclusions regarding the structure of the DNA model were that it has two single-stranded chains. These chains were held together by Hydrogen bonds. Guanine is paired with cytosine by three Hydrogen bonds and Adenine is paired with thymine by two Hydrogen bonds. The molecule is stabled by a large number of hydrogen bonds.

The discovery of the structure of DNA has always been associated with Watson and Crick. Their double helix structure, which they developed in 1983, has been used as a model to understand how DNA self-replicates (Karp, 2009). The structure of DNA is made up of covalent bonds between 4 unique nucleotide bases. These bases bind together via complementary base pairing, therefore allowing Adenine to only bind with Thymine, and Cytosine with Guanine (Penn State, Ebery College of Science, 2016). The use of covalent bonds makes the structure strongly

My DNA test stated that my origin was 37% Nigeria, 15% Benin/Togo, 13% Cameroon/Congo, 15% Senegal, 5% Mali, 3% Central Africa, 2% Asia, the only America 1% native America and other nation. Therefore, I always heard that my family was Irish, European, Indian, and a little black. Consequently, my DNA test last year contained 50% from my mother’s and 50% from my father bloodline; actual my color was very black contrary to my family who was light skinned. Furthermore, my family thought that it is unfortunate my birth was with 74% of African origin and 26% of another nation.

Most DNA is found inside the nucleus of a cell, where it forms the chromosomes. Chromosomes have proteins called histones that bind to DNA. DNA has two strands that twist into the shape of a spiral ladder called a helix. DNA is made up of four building blocks called nucleotides: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). The nucleotides attach to each other (A with T, and G with C) to form chemical bonds called base pairs, which connect the two DNA strands. Genes are short pieces of DNA that carry specific genetic information.

DNA tells us who you are. And it is the particle that stores genetic information’s. it also, tell the cell how to build the proteins in you. The DNA has to carry information from one generation of organism to the next. DNA has to put that in formation to work by determining the heritable characteristics of organism. Next DNA has to be easily copied because all of a cells genetic information has to be replicated every time a cell divides. The DNA is like a latter, the shape is called a double helix the step of the letter is made up of four bases, Adenine which is the letter A the next one is Thymine which is T, Guanine is G and Cytosine is C. so, Adenine will always bond with Thymine A=T and Guanine will always bone with Cytosine G=C. These are called nitrogenous base. So, these genetic codes will tell the cells how exactly to build a protein the structure of the DNA is called a gene. Your body read the letter C,G,T,A like a recipe. From their it builds proteins. Proteins are made up of ells, cells are made up of tissue, and tissue are made of organism like your eye and skin. So, the gene determined what you are and what you will look like. Like the color of your hair, your skin, your eyes and soo

DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid is a long molecule that contains our unique genetic code. Like a recipe book it holds the instructions for making all the proteins in our bodies. DNA is a long thin molecule called nucleotides. There are four different types of nucleotides: adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine which are sometimes called bases. What holds the nucleotides together? A backbone made of phosphate and deoxyribose. The DNA code looks like this: ATC TGA GGA AAT GAC CAG and is also called the codon.

DNA is 2 strands of coiled molecules called a double helix, it gives us all different characteristics and qualities, It is also a hereditary material found in humans and almost all other organisms. DNA bases pair up with each other, Adenine(A) must pair with Thymine(T) and Guanine(G) must pair with Cytosine(C) to make weak hydrogen bonds. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid made of subunits called nucleotides. Nucleotides are made of a Phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base. 2 hydrogen bonds are required to bond Adenine(A) and Thymine(T), 3 hydrogen bonds are required to bond Guanine(G) and Cytosine(C). Each base pair is combined by a hydrogen bond.

DNA replication, or DNA synthesis, is the process in which makes a copy of itself prior to cell division. Every cell needs a copy of genetic material. The cell needs an entire copy of the DNA molecule, so for humans that means 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs. Even though a cell needs an entire copy of the DNA, it only uses a portion of it. There are three major steps to DNA synthesis: binding of the enzyme to the DNA, unwinding and unzipping of the DNA, and synthesis of new complementary strand.

DNA or other known as deoxyribonucleic acid is, as said before, your genetic code. It tells your body what to do and how to do it, how you should look, really just the blueprints for you it determines everything about you. Now DNA is microscopic, it’s in your body's cells, every single one. It’s double stranded as well, which makes it unable to leave the cells nucleus. DNA has a nitrogen base of adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. DNA is also less reactive because of the C-H bonds on the carbon (C2) and stable in alkaline conditions. It can even

that the gene has 4 introns within its ORF. The first one was a 33-