Armstead’s article focuses on how the creation of the handheld camera and the rise of the black tourist social class appeared at the same time in history – in the late nineteenth century – and resulted in the documentation of wealthy blacks enjoying leisure activities in the United Sates. The article includes several of photographs taken by and of black tourists during the late 1880s into the mid-1900s. Furthermore, The Negro Motorist Green Book by Victor Hugo Green is mentioned within the article and documented through several photographs. Armstead has an extensive notes section located at the end of the article and credible sources such as the Howard University Archives and the New York Public Library are used. Armstead’s article is helpful to my research for my prospectus because it connects the rise of the black tourist class with black consumerism. Armstead’s overall thesis is to better understand the black tourism class and how the development of the handheld camera led to the documentation of their travels.
Chideya’s article discusses how she, as a black woman, is able to travel around the world and not face discrimination like blacks did in the United States during most of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The author uses her personal experiences while traveling abroad and compares it with the obstructions that blacks faced in the United States during the time of segregation. Furthermore, the article mentions that group travel is still a largely popular
explained what it was like to be African American in a certain time and place.”
African American women have long been stereotyped, discriminated against and generalized in this country. They have had to face both being black in America while also being a woman in America. African American women encountered and still do encounter double discrimination of both sex and race (Cuthbert, 117). Women like Elise Johnson McDougald, Marion Vera Cuthbert and Alice Dunbar-Nelson all tried to shed light on what it was like to be an African American woman living in the 20th century yet literature often portrayed them as emotional, hypersexual, unintelligent and of lesser worth. The literature highlighted that African American women have to serve both their employer and their husbands and families. They are not supposed to have an opinion or stand up for themselves, especially to a white man. ***Concluding sentence?
The time has come again to celebrate the achievements of all black men and women who have chipped in to form the Black society. There are television programs about the African Queens and Kings who never set sail for America, but are acknowledged as the pillars of our identity. In addition, our black school children finally get to hear about the history of their ancestors instead of hearing about Columbus and the founding of America. The great founding of America briefly includes the slavery period and the Antebellum south, but readily excludes both black men and women, such as George Washington Carver, Langston Hughes, and Mary Bethune. These men and women have contributed greatly to American society.
As African Americans gained civil rights, a new generation, eager to break away from past horrors, emerged while others remained chained to the specter of past inequality and poverty. The story scrutinizes the intense tensions and trains that were created as these two conflicting worlds came together.
Walking While Black, is intended for non-Black and non-immigrant readers. This essay gives an opportunity to receive a glimpse of the impact of racism from the eyes of a black immigrant.
The research done on the African Burial Ground has strengthened the public’s knowledge of 17th and 18th-century black heritage in New York. The comprehensive research done integrates scientific approaches and the intellectual, educational and political insights of African American communities. Blakey and the Howard research team conduct research to publicize the lost narrative of Africans living in New York during the 17th and 18th-century. The research conducted adds to the history of the United States and is a reservoir of knowledge about the time period and the deceased. The research does not attempt to speak for the dead but rather allow their findings to speak for themselves. However, when presenting history on a systematically marginalized
Coming to America has been important as it has introduced the Africans to Christianity and thus bringing them salvation and peace which they were ignorant of the fact that they needed. She notes that although people view the dark skin of Africans as a sign of inferiority, Africans too possess the ability of being able to read and become educated and spiritually enlightened.
The memoir “How It Feels to Be Colored Me” by Zora Neale Hurston, was first published in 1928, and recounts the situation of racial discrimination and prejudice at the time in the United States. The author was born into an all-black community, but was later sent to a boarding school in Jacksonville, where she experienced “race” for the first time. Hurston not only informs the reader how she managed to stay true to herself and her race, but also inspires the reader to abandon any form of racism in their life. Especially by including Humor, Imagery, and Metaphors, the author makes her message very clear: Everyone is equal.
“One Woman’s Resistance, Viola Desmond’s Challenge to Racial Segregation” is a powerful story of black women stood up to discrimination and racial equality. The exhibit is housed in the Canadian Journey on the main floor on the Canadian museum, for Human Rights. It is placed beside the Residential School and Uncertain Harvest exhibits.
The life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination… the Negro is still languished in the corners of American society and finds himself in exile in his own land (qtd. in W.T.L. 235).
The life of African Americans in the 19th and 20th centuries has been a truly storied past. One of the most astonishing aspects of African American life, in this period, is the degree to which it was heterogeneous. The experiences of African Americans differed widely based on geographic location, class, gender, religion, and age. Despite a high degree of variability in the experiences of Blacks in America, if one were to consider the sociopolitical fact that Black people as a group in America were a subordinate caste in dominant society, then it becomes possible to make certain overarching connections. One such connection is the presence of secretive subversive ideologies and actions. The existence of these secretive subversive activities is apparent if one examines the labor tendencies, the folklore, and the outward societal projections of black people. By briefly examining the labor practices of Black women in Atlanta during the latter part of the 19th and early part of the 20th centuries, The Uncle Remus tales, and cultural icon Louis Armstrong, one can deduce that secretive subversive actions and beliefs were an integrated aspect of Black existence during this period.
In her essay “The Fourth of July”, Audre Lorde described the enlighteningly awful experience of the reality of racism she had during her first trip to Washington D.C. as a child. While Lorde’s older sister had been rejected by her high school from traveling with the rest of the graduating class because she was black, Lorde’s parents decided to take a family trip to the nation’s capital on their own to compensate for such an injustice. Nevertheless, the reality of racism and discrimination the family felt while on their trip foiled their attempt to ignore and overcome such oppression, and led Lorde to view the trip as a frustrating experience. By employing this personal anecdote of her family’s replacement graduation trip for her older sister, Lorde successfully conveyed the impossibility of pretending to live in ignorance of racism and discrimination, and powerfully presented her anger at her family, the black community, and all of American society at trying to do so instead of addressing these problems.
If I had to scale the relevance of "The Negro Travelers' Green Book" today, I would determine it as relevant (3). After reading the article, I learned of the book's existence and was in awe. The way they banded together to help make fellow members of their race hope for enjoyable travels has made me respect Mr. Green, the publisher.The book shows the lengths it took to feel like they were accessing the same rights as whites. I personally never thought about how it would be for them when traveling long distances. I've read and heard stories but it was always locally in wherever they lived at that time, never about vacations. When I viewed the map I was in shock to see how sparse the mid-west and on were with places for traveling. We need to
Chimamanda Adichie is an author from Nigeria, a major country in Africa. She is an exceedingly well-known author from her writings on immigration, feminism, and the African experience in America. She has given a variety of Ted talks, speeches, and has done interviews on immigration, feminism, and the African experience in America. In her writings, most noticeably “My Mother, the Crazy African,” she talks about the experience of immigrants in America and through a lens which relates to issues one from all walks of life can understand. Her book shows a growing divide between the understanding of “American Culture” and other cultures from around the world, in this book, most specifically Nigeria in this case. The analysis in this essay will take place through examining similar work as well as her interviews and speeches.
Kamau Brathwaite’s poem “The Emigrants” seems to exemplify what it means to be an emigrant. By pulling apart Brathwaite’s imagery and use of enjambment, it appears that, as an emigrant, one feels as if one has never truly arrived anywhere, and that one is always on the move and has not yet made their home in a new country. More generally, the poem posits that emigrants do not feel as if they truly belong in a place. However, the poem’s focus is restricted to the experience of emigrants of African descent, and the poem also hints that, regardless if one was an emigrant or not, black people living in non-African countries are made to feel like emigrants. That is, they are made to feel like outsiders that do not belong, which ultimately suggests that the poem is a meditation on how emigration does not necessarily entail the act of emigration, but rather that it translates into internal sensations that are evocative of the experience of the black community outside of Africa.