when counties failed in this regard the state was often hesitant or unable to act as a final third party enforcer. This paper provides an answer to the puzzle of why feud violence in Eastern Kentucky spiked in the latter half of the 19th century. Previous explanations, such as Altina Waller’s account of the Hatfield/McCoy Feud (Waller, 1998) have analyzed feud violence from a historical perspective. This paper will bring the tools of economics and rational choice approaches to bear on the problem. The analysis of violence using economic logic is not novel. Violent conflict, though costly and perhaps even socially inefficient, can still be individually rational for the parties involved (Tullock 2003, p. 4.) Previous work has also explored …show more content…
Section 2 will explore economic changes in Eastern Kentucky, provide background on basic demographic details, and discuss changes in state and county government implemented by the 1850 Constitutional convention. Section 3 will discuss the role third parties traditionally play in contract enforcement, how these can fail, and non-state solutions that can emerge to solve problems of governance. Section 4 seeks to ties the previous two sections together and apply them to Eastern Kentucky in the 19th century. Section 5 concludes. 3 2 Eastern Kentucky, 1850-1900 2.2 Geography and Transportation Eastern Kentucky2 still presents an imposing landscape. Geographically, the region is near totally ensconced by the Appalachian Mountain range, which runs from Alabama to Maine. Mountains, rocky hills, and forests dominate the terrain. Outside of the Huntington-Ashland Metropolitan area, most of the countryside is quite rural. Small towns dot the region, but there is relatively little else. Census and economic data from 1850 and 1860 depict a region that was still very much unexplored and underdeveloped. Transportation in the state was limited, meaning that vast portions of it were isolated and cut off from the cultural and economic hubs of Lexington, Louisville, and the capital city of Frankfort. This relative isolation contributed to the importance of government at the county
The relationship between States and their localities in many cases is strained. State government gives their local governments life, they create the laws for them. However, throughout history, state governments have not treated their localities as they suppose to. That is why the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) stated on the state-local relation “Legislators should place a higher priority on state-local issues than has been done in the past. The time has come to change their attitude toward local governments.” They want the state governments to see localities as partners in the federal system.
One of the most important goals of transportations in the 1800s was the advancement of industrial growth. Henry Clay, a senator for Kentucky had an economic plan called the American System, with plans for a national bank, improved tariffs, and most importantly, a canal system. The canal system was quickly dominated by railroad, however the canals paid for themselves quite quickly. This was due to the canal's ability to connect the midwest and east coast and cut costs for transporting goods across the US. Steamboats not only allowed for the mass transport of goods on the canals, but they also for human transport, as they could travel from Albany to NYC in around thirty-two hours. As rivers and canals became the commonplace and most efficient way to transport goods cities along the rivers prospered and grew in population and power. Cincinnati for example had its population quadruple in size from 10,000 to 40,000 from 1820-1840 and Louisville's population grew from 10,000 to 60,000 from 1830-1850. Eventually though, canals were made obsolete by development of railroads.
In towns and counties across the state, militia units paraded and Kentucky citizen’s gathered to shout protests against Britain’s obvious disregard or the sovereignty and the dignity of the United States. Never, after 1807, would influential Kentucky politicians argue that British restrictions upon American trade were a matter of private rather than public concern. The U.S soon learned that the British government’s main goal was to make the U.S
This problem was further worsened by the inability of the government to enforce taxes. Rhode Island’s letter to Congress clearly depicts the absence of federal control over state legislatures, as Rhode Island “[rejected] the recommendation of Congress, respecting an impost on imported goods” (doc A). Because each state retained its sovereignty, they could easily accept or reject the demands of Congress. This lack of federal power substantially restrained the government in carrying out its
East Tennessee, being the first settled, at one point had the largest majority of the state’s population, but by 1860 contained only 27 percent of its total (Bergeron, Ash, Keith 110). This decline could be attributed to the terrain. The land was not suited for large commercial agriculture. Hampered by the mountains, hills, and the lack of easily navigable water, exporting was difficult. Small family farms of corn, wheat, cattle and hogs prevailed (Bergeron, Ash, Keith 112-113). Tennessee 4 Me, an
During the nineteenth century, sectionalism has made the nation grow with differences between states. Between 1812 and 1832, the federal government has enforced laws trying to increase the nationalism between the states. Contrastingly, the increased sectionalism between the states caused many concerns with the regions. Sectional problems from states, cannot always be taken into consideration by the federal government. Although, sectional concerns should outweigh national commands when there is a complication between social classes, unconstitutionality in law enforcement, or when there is a chance that the nation’s unity will disperse.
Leading up to the twentieth-century, Kentucky had to deal with pressing issues that arose through lack of proper health regulations and proper prison regulations. The lack of change within each of these issues created major problems for Kentuckians. Two governors of Kentucky, seen these issues as pressing problems. Political leaders such as, Gov. James McCreary and Gov. Luke Blackburn, made efforts to remedy these two problems that they recognized as major issues for Kentucky.
In the early 1800’s, the economic conditions of both the North and South of the United States were very different. After the war of 1812, the United States’ economy rapidly grew at an astonishing rate. Both the North and South experienced a period of wealth as there was a time of increased trade, population growth and expansion which stirred economic growth. The economic development of the North and South also led to the rapid growth of cities. The economic conditions of the North and South can be seen as one of the major differences of the two during that time period. Both economies produced different materials due to the difference in locations of the North and South which resulted in the development of two different economies. Overall,
A social movement is a group of individuals that focus on political or social issues. Though this explanation appears pertinent, movements are rarely that simple. In the case of racial militancy, a social movement is characterized by the need for justice, preserving the community and the emergence of the New Negro. What distinguishes racial militancy from other groups is the inclination to question society and combat relentlessly for their objectives. Frequently this movement employed empowerment, unity, and a new identity to define their movement.
These are some of the efforts by our regions “players”. The Kennedy administration’s efforts to abolish poverty trace the rediscovery of Appalachia by federal policymakers as the sign of underdevelopment in what was known as the “other America”. Growing on the internal colony model, and with the work of local activists like Whitesburg, Kentucky, native Harry Caudill, the Kennedy administration launched a federal development program in our region. Collaborating with the Conference of Appalachian Governors, the Kennedy administration started an effort to secure funds for
In the late 1700s and throughout the 1800s, the emergence of opposing styles of governing became a prominent issue in the new nation of the United States of America. Once being citizens of Britain, the new Americans knew only of one main way of settling these issues: duels. Many examples of duels are accounted: Gwinnett and McIntosh, Philip Hamilton and Eacker, Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr, Jackson and Dickinson, Griswold and Lyon, Clay and Randolph, Sumner and Brooks, and many others. The use of these examples shows the notability of dueling in America. This use of fighting, however, correlated strongly to the emergence of the Civil War, for they saw combat as the only means of solving issues. However, upon the end of the Civil War and
Doctor Charles Sellers’ book covers the American historical period from the ending of the War of 1812 through the Polk’s administration of the annexation of the Republic of Texas in 1846. The coverage of the book is basically the entire United States and its territories. Seller’s compiles this book through the prism of either a New Left Historian or as Progressive Historian. There appears on my reading elements of both styles scattered in the text (Hegelian dialectic). The text is well sourced with multiple secondary sources which on first glance were written from the early 1970’s forward to the mid-1980s. The book is chronologically written with an intertwining of various narratives such as religion (The Great Awakening and the rise of Mormonism), banking (excerpts from the Federalist Paper) and infrastructure.
There was just another shooting, and people are wondering why someone would do such a horrible thing. As people are going through a panic trying to find some reason to such a madness, they try to find out what was going on with this person before they decided to go off and do a hateful thing. A lot of times it comes down to people looking at the kind of entertainment that the criminal was in to. If someone saw that the criminal was into playing "Call of Duty", or watching "Saving Private Ryan", then they will immediately put most of the blame on that kind of entertainment. That is pretty much what happened with the Sandy Hook shooting. To most people, it may seem like the best group to blame, but there is a very little link between the violence
The empirical study of Collier and Hoeffler of 2004 will serve as starting point and basis of this paper, as it has initiated the debate about whether greed or grievance explanations about the origins of civil wars are inferior, as well as it was extremely famous and influential - not only in the academic sector, but also in policy and donor circles and the media (Berdal, 2005; Keen). However, because policy implications resulting out of their economic based conclusion are not overall appropriate, the study needs to be revisited with new data and novel approaches.
The most important theme here in that play is Anger and Violence, which clearly appeared throughout the whole play. An anger as an action is obviously appeared in the first scene when Stanley hits and throws a package of meat at Stella in the kitchen to cook, instead of handing it to her gently like men. This is an obvious violent exchange, in which it seems like their ordinary type of daily communication. Stanley also slaps Stella. When he slaps her that is attitude not to hurt her, but to show a kind of affection, Stella does not like the way he treats her, but she never stops him. Their communication is too violent through hitting, slapping, and throwing what a violent relationship they share! (Ehrenhaft 56).