For vulnerability analysis, we first normalised the various indicators by carrying standardisation procedure to ensure uniformity and comparability among the indicators (Vincent 2004). We employed a ranking system to assign coefficients to the indicators. Two criteria were employed here. Lowest value or highest value indicators that contributed most to vulnerability were assigned the highest co-efficient value of 1.0 (on a scale from 0.0 to 1.0). For example, in highest value case- suppose the poverty rate for three regions A, B and C were 75%, 65% and 44.5% respectively. Here, region A with the highest poverty rate was hypothetically more vulnerable than the other two regions. We assigned this region vulnerability coefficient 1.00, which represents the highest vulnerability coefficient (on a scale from 0.00 to 1.00). The vulnerability coefficients for the other two regions were calculated by dividing their poverty rate values by that of region A. So the vulnerability coefficient for Region B was 65/75=0.867and for region C was 44.5/75= 0.593. For lowest value, with average monthly income for regions A, B and C are $200, $150 and $174.5 respectively, the most vulnerable (at least hypothetically) was the region with the lowest figure (income) but not region with the highest figure (as was the case with poverty rate). Here, we assigned the highest vulnerability coefficient of 1.00 to the region with the lowest value in this case is Region B. The vulnerability coefficients for
If we let the courtrooms be televised to the public, they will start to lose faith in the court system if they do not like what they see. Citizens who watch the programs are most likely going to have a bias and will desire a final judgement that will go one way more than the other. A judge’s or jury’s verdict might cause mass hysteria which can have negative effects to a jury member’s personal life and the reputation of the justice done in Canada. The country will ridicule the judge even though they do not understand the law fully themselves and criticize the jury for unanimously voting for someone to be guilty or not guilty when the viewers want a differing response. The jury do not know everything going on outside of the court and what the media is saying therefore the nation might have an opposing opinion to them. Their faces will be plastered on television for anyone to see and for anyone to judge them. This will stress out an already uncomfortable jury. Alternatively, another result could be the jury being swayed by the public to select a certain decision instead of their own. As a
There are several categories of vulnerability some of which include physical, economic, and social, and environmental vulnerability. For example, a physical vulnerability could be viewed as brick houses that reside in areas that
2. This data is a list of the percent of persons living in poverty in each of the 50 US states in 1997.
Whether or not a country uses a relative or an absolute poverty measure undoubtedly influences the understandings of poverty of its citizens.
UELAC - web pages for Loyalists. Thank you for your suggestions. I've cc'd Anne so she can pass them on. The small group that manages the Website has only one Webmaster, who inputs the data (too many Chiefs causes havoc). Each branch has the proofs and the buy in for publishing their (current or past) members proofs is like pulling teeth.... So, even having an enthusiastic student doing the input; scanning, modifying and linking the physical pages is a daunting task. Once the information is ready to publish on the Web, they need to have someone verify the accuracy. I know, for Anne has found inaccuracies within our own ancestors and has corrected them. Unfortunately, when the form is updated the information is appended and the old/incorrect
economic issues of a place where poverty pervades a third of the population is posed and 1
Vulnerability factors considered in this paper will be broken down as follows, micro- individual and familial factors, generation level, meso- environmental factors , discrimination, neighborhood ethnic density, macro-culture, beliefs, socioeconomic status and chrono-
Economic insecurity is a problem that many Americans face. Families and individuals dealing with economic insecurity are often one disaster away from falling prey to poverty. Such disasters can range from natural disasters to health issues, issues with employment, or marital problems. If one or more of these disasters occurs to individuals living on the verge of poverty it might cause them to fall into poverty. Different individuals and families living on the economic margins are not affected in the same way because the different disasters that they experience influence their lives and perceptions in a unique manner.
This paper addresses the issues surrounding the need for rationing increasingly scarce health care resources. There has been much debate over the questions of how best to provide quality health care coverage, which services are necessary and which are optional, and how to pay for it all. Although there does not seem to be a consensus on how best to distribute health care services, the growing demand for coverage and current expectations of the public make addressing the situation increasingly more pressing. Examples from the key health care areas of organ transplantation, reproductive technology, and geriatric costs are briefly analyzed and placed in the larger context of the overall scarcity of health care resources in order to illustrate the rationing dilemmas facing health care.
The social vulnerability the country faces is the lack human capital because of the casualties and the underdeveloped education system. The reduced education also contributes to the national poverty level.
Measuring the amount of households currently receiving subsistence allowances and during the second year of an income increase, conduct another measurement of the households receiving government assistance. The reason for my design and method, is because some of the participants may not want to expose themselves to such a research, because they may feel humiliated by their livelihood. The method of the data analysis is to attempt to get at 100 participants from four regions in the country; the Northeast, Southeast, Midwest and West Coast. With the collected data from these regions, the questions can be answered though the responses. The responses can contribute to theory by providing evidence that increase in the minimum works or does not
Poverty has become a major problem in the United States of America, affecting up to millions of Americans. Today the poverty level in the U.S is at a whopping sixteen percent. While sixteen percent doesn’t seem like a large number; it represents up to 40 million citizens in the United States. Statistics show that the poverty universe consumes up to 308,196,783 citizens that can be affected by poverty. According to the census Bureau, The poverty universe refers to the people who the Bureau can determine poverty status. However, the United States census Bureau has come up with a ninety percent confidence interval that shows that 48,810,868 to 49,067,044 citizens are affected by poverty. Coincidentally that interval
Data obtained by assessing social vulnerability must be implemented within each phase of the emergency management process; mitigation, response, and recovery. First, to effectively respond and recover from incidents emergency management agencies must concentrate on the mitigation phase to prevent incidents from happening in the first place. This is achieved through a thorough hazard/vulnerability analysis (HVA). This type of analysis assesses the risk of physical, economic, and social vulnerability within all communities of a given jurisdiction (Lindell et al., 2006, p. 165). Additionally, the basis of the HVA allows emergency managers to effectively plan for disaster by creating pre-planned responses to disasters (rather than improvised response) and staging resources to locations with the highest probability of risk; ultimately contributing to the mitigation and response phases.
This is a greater concern in world as sectors such as Africa, where poverty has roughly doubled in recent years. Consequently, many of the extreme poverty rates where based on a $1.25 purchasing power a day cut off. If this number is adjusted in 2005 to just $2.00 a day the rate of people living in extreme poverty jumps to 51% (David Moss, 2011). These numbers show that billions of people are unable provide themselves with basics like food, clothing, or shelter. This is a serious problem as these are people who have potential are being left in poverty that kills. At the very least income inequality leaves people with basic necessities with a chance to
As the Marxist approach puts it, “underlying states of human marginalisation are conceived as the principle cause of disaster.” (Pelling, 2001, p. 179). This resource exclusion to particular categories of people within society creates their vulnerability to risk, and in turn disaster. McLaughlin and Dietz (2007) suggest there are three dimensions that make up vulnerability including exposure, sensitivity and resilience. An example displaying the vulnerability of lower classed social categories is in North Bihar, India, where floods have been managed through engineering works to create embankments. While the Government appears to be reducing the hazard, this has increased the vulnerability of the local people. Soil fertility has decreased reducing agricultural success, dangerous flash floods are occurring due to embankment walls collapsing and communities have settled on apparently safe embankments and are now highly exposed (Pelling, 2001). The natural flood hazard was dangerous, but these works by society have created a natural disaster (Pelling, 2001). Power inequalities have created this disastrous situation where lower classes are at high exposure to floods due to profit hungry management bodies. This technological approach is clearly failing but the Government and other managing groups make large profits off flood engineering works and have the power to decide how to control the issue (Pelling, 2001). This has resulted in creating