Research has identified several factors that contribute to the difference between wages paid to women and wages paid to men, commonly called the gender wage gap. Many say that these differences in the choices and behavior of women and men in balancing their work, personal, and family lives. These factors include, the occupations and industries in which they work, and their human capital development, work experience, career interruptions, and motherhood. Other factors are sources of wage adjustments that compensate specific groups of workers for benefits or duties that disproportionately impact them. These factors include health insurance, other fringe benefits, and overtime at work (Webster, 2013). The gender wage gap, the observed difference between wages paid to women and wages paid to men, has been a source of both political controversy and economic research throughout the past several decades. The gap is commonly measured as the ratio of the median earnings of women and the median earnings of men, which indicates the proportion of the median male earnings that the median female earnings represent (Webster, 2013). When the ratio is calculated for all men and women who are paid wages or salaries or for all wage and salary earners who work full-time and year-round, the measure is often called the raw gender wage gap.
A variety of explanations for the persistent wage gap have been offered. One is that older women are factored into the wage gap equation, and many of these
Different reasons are given in order to explain the gender wage gap. Some of reasons include: Women work for a shorter collective time in order to give birth and raise their families. Women’s work has less value than that of their male counterparts. The sexual division of labor, which assigns tasks to individuals on the basis of gender, creates blue and pink collar work and, thus, the devaluing of women’s labor. Aside from these valid points, the pay gap cannot be explained away. Women’s professions continue to be associated with smaller wages than men’s professions. Teaching, for example, is a female-dominated
The gender wage gap between men and women needs to be brought to people’s attention due to the cause of unequal amount of pay for the exact same job. Our question is what is a gender pay gap? A gender wage gap is when you take the gap between both men and women’s pay and get a certain percentage and that is the gap between the two. This is a definition of gender pay gap according to an Australian Government article, “A gender pay gap is the difference between women’s and men’s earnings, expressed as a percentage of men’s earnings.” Basically, you take the difference, or subtract, between men’s and women’s earnings all over, divide, the men’s earnings and you get a percentage of the gap if there is any. Now, statistics have shown that the women’s gap has narrowed some since the 1980’s, but it still continues. Adult women showed that the wage gap is smaller compared to the teen wage, 90 cents for every dollar made by a man. Said by the article Fact Tank, “...adults ages 25 to 34, the 2015 wage gap is smaller. Women in this group earned 90 cents for every dollar a man in the same age group earned.” Women within the age group of 25 to 34 gain 90 cents for every dollar a man within the same age group earned. If you truly think about it sure the gap is slightly smaller, but why is it not equal? They are around the same age and are doing the same job, whether it be part- time or full time. Now it was also stated within this article that these women, by estimation, would have to work around 44 days extra in order for them to earn what their counterpart made in 2015. However, how does it get like this? Is it possible that even with same or
The gender pay gap is the difference in pay earned by men and the pay earned by women.( Pay Equity Commission, 2012). There are various ways in measuring the pay gap between genders, such as full- time or full- year wage. Statistics Canada data ( 2012) displayed that the gender pay gap in Ontario was 26% for full- time and full- year employments, which means for every C$1 earned by a man, a woman earned 74 cents( Pay Equity Commission,2012).The pay gap has been narrowing slowly over time compared to the how it was in 1987, which was 36%. However the gender wage gap is still a problem that exists in the society. I will discuss about the feminist theory and how it can be interpreted in the gender pay gap of our society, especially in regards to celebrities.
Thesis: The gender pay gap in the United States is an understated misconception to many men and women today. This paper will overview the reality, causes, statistics, and those being affected by gender pay gap, as well as what this issue means for the future of the United States of America.
The gender pay gap effects women in almost all fields of work and in all racial or ethnic
The gender wage gap has been a nationwide problem since women were able to enter the workforce. Women have begun to speak out more about the issue and evaluate what they can do to change the industries and how they personally present themselves to help this change. Currently there is a wide range of opinions on this issue, with some saying it does not exist while others think it will ruin the economy if not fixed immediately. This makes it more difficult to address the problem and predict how it will be in the future; however, all sides of the spectrum are becoming more aware of what the gender wage gap means and what they can do to change it. This paper will analyze the different stances on the extent of this social issue as well as the current practices being used to increase knowledge and equalize pay for all.
That is to say, the older a woman is, the larger the gap will grow. It is also shown that the gap increases for mothers working full time in comparison to fathers working full time (AAUW, 2015). This statistic increases when the race of the mother is taken into account. Latina mothers typically have to work 10 months just to catch up to what white men earned during the previous year (AAUW, 2015). Furthermore, the wage gap increases with mothers with disabilities. Lastly, the pay gap has an effect on women’s ability to pay off student loans, and this is especially true for women of
The gender pay gap in the United States forms a slightly mixed feeling. On one hand, after years of opposition to the earnings of women compared to men. There has been a large increase in women's earnings since the 1970s. The gender pay gap in the United States is measured through the female to male average yearly earnings for a full-time, year-round worker. Previously, a woman earned 77 cents for every dollar that a male gets. Since 1980, the gap has narrowed by 16.8 cents, improving from 60.2 cents to 77 cents, as stated by the Institute for Women’s Policy. The current pay gap between female and male is 82 cent for every one dollar. This growth is significant because it opposes the relative stability of the earlier incomes of a woman in the
While studies clearly show that the wage gap exist, there is a group of women the “Millennial Women” that feel that the gap is a myth. This is largely because they feel that they are earning a fair salary, which goes back to the fact that women 35 and under earn a better wage. This group of women cannot afford to become complacent. “The numbers show that they leave deserved compensation on the table, “says Levo co-founder and COE Caroline Ghosn. Plus, the wage disparity widens as women age, so even those who aren’t struggling for pay equality now will likely face a gap in the future.
While such rulings must not be discounted, the decrease in the wage gap is in comparison small, when compared to the fact that between 1950-1960 women working full-time earned on average 59-64 cents for every dollar men earned in the same job (Rowen). In addition, according to a recent report by the National Partnership for Women and Families, “America’s Women and the Wage Gap” (2016), on average women in the United States are paid 80 cents for every dollar paid to men amounting to an annual gender wage gap of $10,470. These wage gaps amount to loss
The extensive studies conducted over the past 50 years on gender based wage gap show that even though the gap has narrowed over the years, it still irrefutably exists. The laws such as The Equal Pay Act of 1963, which prohibit gender based wage discrimination, and The Civil Rights Act, helped reduce the wage gap over the years but did not help eradicate it. Numerous studies and scholarly research continue to show the differences in the earnings of men and women, for equal work. Figure 1 shows the wage discrimination from the 1960s to the year 2015.
The gender wage gap is a widespread and pressing issue. It is also a highly debated subject in the United States in which some refuse to even believe exists at all.
The gendered wage gap has been a controversial topic that's been around since women started working at jobs for money in the United States during the 1900’s era. With a steadily increasing amount of women working at jobs, came steadily strong opinions about women’s work rights. Women had been given a lesser wage compared to their male counterparts and it outraged women. However, as women were treated more and more equal, their wages were treated more equally as well. Then came a stand still in this improving equality for women in the 21st century, as it has been debated that women are now treated equally, compared to men. This standstill has caused even further debate ranging from several things with most focusing on
Although many people are now bringing up a pay gap between genders, there is something being over looked that proves there isn’t a pay gap, but something else. The Gender Income Gap is a supposed payment gap between men and women, stating that to every man’s dollar a woman only gets payed seventy cents. Statements like theses can grab people’s attention and get them to believe this without much proof of it actually existing. Most people get there information about the gap from surveys over all women and men average pay, this is not a good representation of the topic because it doesn’t go into any detail of actual jobs and difference of pay. There are many other factors that going into the pay gap that would make it into something else not necessarily a pay gap. There are several solutions for this problem most of them aren’t necessarily for equality but for the gain of one sex at the cost of the rights of another. The one I will be talking about later doesn’t need government intervention and doesn’t need for one sex to do more. This solution will come from “changes in the labor market, especially how jobs are structured and remunerated to enhance temporal flexibility.”1
The gender pay gap is generally measured as the variance between men and women’s average weekly pay equivalent of full-time earnings, expressed as a percentage of men’s earnings (WGEA, 2017b). Unequal pay, where women and men do the same work and are paid at differing rates, based on