War Trauma Research Paper

Children experiencing PTSD can experience wetting of the bed, loss or inability to speak, acting out the event, or being very clingy with another parent or child.” (“Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder”) C. Main Point Three – Though there is not yet a cure for this disorder, there are many treatment options

Approximately 70 percent of adults in the U.S. have encountered a traumatic occurrence at some point in their existence while 20 percent of that population proceed to develop PTSD. Furthermore, an estimated 1 in 13 people of the U.S. (about 8 percent) will develop PTSD. For those who have served or “spent time in war zones,” 30 percent experience PTSD (“What”). Of course the rates of this mental illness varies from war to war, however, “current estimates of PTSD in military personnel who served in Iraq range from 12 percent to 20 percent” and “in Afghanistan between 6 percent and 11 percent” (“What”).

The interviewee is asked to identify a “target” trauma, or index trauma, to link the symptoms with, however it can also be utilized to assess symptoms of any interviewee identified trauma (V. This version of the CPSS-I-5 assesses symptoms occurring only in the past month (Foa & Chapaldi, 2012). The CPSS-I-5 differs from the CPSS-SR (or Child PTSD Symptom Scale-Self Report) in that the CPSS-I-5 is completed in an interview format where the interviewer reads the questions out loud to the client versus the CPSS-SR where the client fills it out independently. The assessment yields a total symptom severity score ranging from 0-80, and a total severity-of-impairment score ranging from 0-28 across 7 domains (Foa et. al., 2001). On both CPSS-I and CPSS-SR, receiving a score of 0-10 results in a below threshold score of PTSD symptoms, 11-15 results in a subclinical-mild score of PTSD symptoms, 16-20 results in a mild score of PTSD symptoms, 21-25 results in a moderate score of PTSD symptoms, 26-30 results in a moderately severe score of PTSD symptoms, 31-40 results in a severe score of PTSD symptoms and 41-51 results in a score of extremely severe symptoms (Foa et. al., 2001). Both the CPSS-I and CPSS-SR have displayed good to excellent reliability and validity (Gillihan et al., 2013). One-week test-rest reliability was assessed for CPSS-SR and received a reliability score of r=.86. CPSS-I scores was also excellent (r = .87) (Gillihan, Et. Al., 2013). Both the CPSS-SR and the CPSS-I demonstrated symptom based diagnostic agreement of 85.5% (Gillihan, Et. Al.,

However, Diaz and Motta focused their study on adolescent participants and on PTSD. For this study, participants were between the ages of 14 and 17 and were all female from a residential treatment facility that met the criteria for PTSD (Diaz & Motta, 2008). The researchers used the following self-report inventories to measure the level of PTSD: (a) Child PTSD Symptom Scale [CPSS] (Foa, Johnson, Feeny, & Treadwell, 2001), (b) Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children [TSCC] (Briere, 1996), (c) Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children [MASC] (March, 1997), (d) Children’s Depression Inventory [CDI] (Kovacs, 1992) (Diaz & Motta, 2008).

One example of Boricevic Marsanic and their colleagues is, “Children of male veterans have a higher chance of attempting suicide” (Boricevic Marsanic et. al.).This quote explains how the disorder affects children who may never have a traumatic experience in their life. The disorder has mental effects on all the people associated, the veteran, their family, friends, everybody. Another example of how PTSD affects children and teens is “The presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in trauma survivors has been linked with family dysfunction and symptoms in their children, including lower self-esteem, higher disorder rates, and symptoms resembling those of the traumatized parent” (Mellor et. al.). Mellor and the other authors of this article in an Australian magazine express how children tend to have more problems internally. The quote also states how the children may even have symptoms the parent with PTSD had, which means that it could cause problems for the child without them even having a traumatic moment in their

The counselor selected a diagnosis based on the use of the Child assessment form and the Behavioral checklist and the reports on his case notes and present a diagnosis of 301.81 (F43.10) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed,( 2013). This diagnosis was established because the client does show symptoms of distress in his interactions at home. Children who are exposed to intense fear and anxiety, after experiencing traumatic or life-threatening event and may feel fearful and anxious as well as ‘emotionally numb, do become angry withdrawn and irritable. Catani and Sossalla, (2015) noted that children who undergo abuse in a traumatic way will have PTSD. They also sometimes avoid people, places that remind them of the

It is normal, following a traumatic experience, for a person to feel disconnected, anxious, sad and frightened. However, if the distress does not fade and the individual feels stuck with a continuous sense of danger as well as hurting memories, then that person might in fact be suffering from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PSTD could develop after a traumatic incident which threatens one’s safety or makes one to feel helpless (Dalgleish, 2010). Coping with traumatic events could be very difficult, but confronting one’s feelings and seeking professional assistance is usually the only way to properly treat PSTD. Many kids and adolescents worldwide experience events that are traumatizing. If exposure to trauma is not treated, it could lead to various mental health problems. Researchers have reported a connection between traumatization and increases in mood and anxiety disorders, but the most frequently reported symptoms of psychological distress are post-traumatic stress symptoms (Cohen, Mannarino & Iyengar, 2011).

those who suffered the worst cases of PTSD had sustained stressful and traumatic childhood abuse. In the study, two groups of

Childhood and adolescence is a crucial time for humans- a time full of physical, emotional, and cognitive development. Upon observing the significant impact that trauma induced stress can have on adults following time in combat or an injury, when adults have fully matured in all areas, it raises the question of what influence post-traumatic stressors can have on development in children. This issue was so significant that in the DSM-5, the psychologists introduced a new, and separate, section of criteria for PTSD that specifically relates to the preschool subtype, or those individuals six years and younger. The first age specific sub-type for this disorder is important due to the rising number of studies and cases of PTSD in children.

Also, like adults, they can recover just as easily with therapy sessions and techniques. This is just a preview of what kind of research is being done in order to combat this issue with adolescents that have PTSD. The next step into the paper is to show if children are more resilient than adults or how does PTSD affect the development of children’s mental and physical

PTSD can affect people in different ways due to the circumstance they went through, for example, “a young woman gets mugged and hit over the head with a pipe. Years later, she is still afraid to go out at night by herself. She has trouble making friends and she is slow to trust people. She has gotten several warnings at work for missing days; sometimes she just can’t seem to get out of bed. A former soldier, when he finally sleeps, finds himself back on the dusty roads of Afghanistan. He awakes in a panic and struggles futilely to return to sleep. Days are hardly better. The rumble of garbage trucks shatters his nerves. Flashbacks come unexpectedly, at the whiff of certain cleaning chemicals. He is imprisoned in his own mind” (Brainline,

The effects of PTSD are reliving the event for most having flashbacks of the events, haunting them and because of so the man and women will avoid whatever reminds them of the event. A recent Interview of a Vietnam veteran's daughter was a prime example of such as Trina Lang stated he had a "Fear of loud sound, blood, and has loss of hearing. And tight spaces from holes.". As seen he has from the ordeal avoided loud sounds, blood, and tight places a sign of PTSD fear of having flashbacks to the ordeal. Another symptom the start of negative feeling or beliefs feeling guilty and looking at yourself in a different light no longer enjoying life going numb finding it hard to be happy in all senses a extreme depression. In the same interview the Trina Lang also stated "It was a really bad time in his life he would not talk about he was not proud of what he did." Another symptom of PTSD being seen in a veteran. The final symptom being a feeling of being locked up always jittery and having the feeling that you are in danger after in battle always being in

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychological condition that can follow a traumatic incident (Emory). PTSD can stem from a variety of traumatic events, such as sexual assault, floods, being kidnapped, and major catastrophes like 9/11 (PTSD: A Growing Epidemic). A major symptom of PTSD is re-experiencing trauma by either distressing thoughts or memories, and sometimes by vivid flashbacks in the most severe cases. Other symptoms can include increased anxiety and paranoia, depression, or avoiding situations where flashbacks can be triggered. An estimated 5% of men and 10% of women experience some form of PTSD in their lives (Emory). However, in a smaller demographic, veterans, The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs have estimated

Back to the car crash example, if the person is experiencing an avoidance symptom, then they could be really hesitant about going places that they normally would have to use a car to go to. They could also be less excited to go to a place that they used to love to go to because they would have to drive there. Symptoms can be a range of a lot of things so children and adults don 't always have the same symptoms when it comes to diseases or illness or any medical issue. For example, PTSD in young children some symptoms include bedwetting, forgetting how to talk, being unusually clingy and acting out the scary part during playtime and for older children and teens symptoms mostly follow what the adult symptoms are they include guilty, disrespectful and destructive feelings (1). PTSD consists of three classes and those are lifetime, in remission with relapses and delayed onset. Lifetime is self explanatory and it is where you are expected to have PTSD for the rest of your life, it is when the person can not bounce back or overcome the experience. In remission with relapses is when you are getting over the disorder, but still have some minor set backs like a panic attack or an angry outburst on occasion. Delayed onset is the rare chance that someone does not show any symptoms until up to six months after a traumatic event. Sometimes it may take even years for someone with delayed onset to be

As Americans came home with the loss of friends or family they started to show symptoms of PTSD. PTSD is a serious matter most PTSD cases comes from a traumatic event that is terrible and can be scary to see or hear about. Some soldiers that experience PTSD wake up to a night mare, or they have a negative feeling about something, some combat soldiers with have fear when they go over a man hole. Not only did soldiers experience PTSD children can to. A lot of children from the age of birth to six years old can experience this if they are not close with a parent. As you get older it could be something else that trigger