Whap Ch 19-21 Study Questions

One of the most prominent effects of the cross cultural interaction was the Afro Eurasian Trade Network which helped increase revenue. The trade routes that were part of this network were the Mediterranean Sea Maritime Trade Route, Indian Ocean Maritime Trade Route, Eurasian Silk Road and the Trans-Saharan Trade Routes. The increase in trade resulted in the emergence of major cities such as Timbuktu, Jenne, Mogadishu, Mombasa and other Swahili city states. Another reason for the flourish of trade was the invention of new technologies such as caravans for traveling and the trading of luxury goods such as silk, cotton and porcelain. The dawn of new kingdoms such as Mali, Songhay and Sudan contributed to this effect as well. The spread of Islam resulted in

The introduction of many new crops like corn, tomatoes and potatoes to Europe from the Americas previously had all but eliminated wide-spread famine in the region. These new food sources had also made Europeans healthier resulting in generally increased lifespans and more offspring generating a significant population increase in the region, thus creating more demand for the products and goods consumed by every growing society. The increased population also provided for an abundant labor pool of workers to man the factories which were to become the engines of the emerging industrial society of the west. Favorable environmental factors were important too. The availability of an abundance of ports and waterways and large coal and iron deposits fueled the early surge of the industrial revolution in the west.

Even though these aspects describe the ways that change occurred with trade between Afro-Eurasia, one important part did stay the same. North Africa was consistent and always a key part of trade between the continents of Europe, Africa, and Asia. In 300, North Africa was the only area that traded with the Mediterranean. In the time of the gold-salt trade, European venders and Islamic merchants arrived in North Africa. North African merchants still traded even when Europeans started to shift the balance of trade to the Americas starting from the mid-1400s. This is how trade systems between Africa and Europe stayed the same between the years 300-1450.

In terms of the economy, industrialization and manufacturing drove the economy forward, catalyzing change and developments that would contribute to the economy. Advancements in metallurgy produced an increased demand for

Another equally important addition to the Columbian Exchange is the transportation of animals. When Europeans came over to the New World, the animals they brought introduced a new way of transportation, a new food source, and a new form of labor. This is beneficial because the diseases that killed the humans, had little to no effect on the animals who were doing well in the new environment. “Horses, pigs, sheep, and cattle were all European animals that flourished rapidly in the Americas because they were able to reproduce without being hindered by predators.” (Ree, Lauren. Columbian Exchange. March 31, 2006) Although there was not as big of an impact on the Old World, the impact on the New World was enormous. A large example of this was horses brought with Columbus in 1493. They served the purpose of transportation and a force of labor that made it easier on the colonists. Native Americans were also afraid of these animals, so during battles it made it easy for Europeans to win.

During the second half of the 17th century, there were many similarities and differences between the monarchy in England and France. These similarities and differences were seen in the theory and practice of the monarchies. In England, there was a Constitutional monarchy, while in France, there was an Absolutist monarchy. In the second half of the 17th century, absolute monarchs such as Louis XIV ruled in France, and William and Mary shared their power with Parliament in England. These two monarchies had differences theories and government, but they shared a similarity through the practice of mercantilism.

Before the Industrial Revolution some industry existed in Europe, but on a much smaller scale. As industrialization spread throughout Europe so did other things that made for better living conditions. Before industrialization many families worked at home and barely made enough to get by. But after industrialization there were more opportunities for outside work and money. Also, the monarch no longer ruled them and they had a stronger voice in the government.

By the close of the 17th century, England had developed into a Constitutional Monarchy and France had developed into an Absolutist, centralized form of monarchy.

However, the Spaniards brought things over such as Horses and cattle. By having cows and oxen the agriculture was able to boom. These animals made it easier to produce more crops, while at the same time helping the indigenous people save energy. These large animals were able to make the work easier while at the same time increase output. The Spaniards brought over wheat, barley, various fruits and vegetables, olive oil, and wine. The most overlooked thing brought, were slaves. Slaves brought a huge need for labor while at the same time provided diversity.

Camels were significant to trade in Afro-Eurasia, and many technologies surrounded them to make trade even more efficient. The practice of caravanseri and the use of saddles helped achieve these goals. Maritime trade was also less difficult with the creations of the astrolabe and compass as well as new additions to large ships.

crops to grow and sell to the public, which meant more food supply was available to everyone.

Smith, CPA, is a partner of Johnson Accounting Firm. Johnson audited the books of Hometown Bank. Smith’s independence would be impaired under which of the following circumstances?

New farming technology enabled the people of the Middle Ages to increase their food production, helping to feed a growing population. The

Trade was the first motive for European exploration. During the 15th and 16th centuries, the Italians and Muslims had control of the Mediterranean. Because of this, countries such as Portugal lacked access to Asian trade routes, since they lacked the resources to break through “the Italian dominated trade of the Mediterranean” (Arnold 4) Such countries were forced to explore and expand in order to find new routes around the world to reach Asia, causing them to search for goods and trade beyond their borders, acquiring land and resources along the way, which in turn expanded European trade and economy. Another factor was Europe's search for new trade. European merchants discovered that they could no longer sell their merchandise in Asia and Africa, as many of their products were deemed inferior to their African and Asian counterparts. They attempted to sell “crude woollen cloth in Asian markets accustomed to fine silks and calicoes” (Arnold 3) The Europeans needed a new market, motivating them to send explorers such as

During the birth of a new civilization the first thing you learn to do is trade. Trade stills goes on today it just adapts to the current state of that time. The trade that took place in Africa is known as the “trans-Saharan trade.” This refers to the trade across the north and south of the Sahara. The Sahara is a very large desert, so many things helped make this trip a lot easier. This is turn lead to the growth and expansion of the African culture and population. One of these assets was the camel. The camel was the most efficient in traveling across a desert. Camels can carry at least 500 lbs. for at least twenty five miles a day, and camels can also go for days without water due to their stomachs, yes more than one, holding water. With