Chapter 23 Questions 1. What are the four main causes of the French Revolution discussed on pages 652-653 in your text? In your opinion, which cause was the main reason for the revolution? Why did you pick this cause? Response to Question 1.1 : Two of the estates had privileges, including access to high offices and exemptions from paying taxes, that were not granted to the members of the third. This caused growing resentment among the lower classes. New philosophies about government helped create a desire for change. Awed by the success of the American Revolution, Members of the Third Estate started inquiring age-old concepts about the structure of society. Quoting Rousseau and Voltaire, they began to demand equality, liberty, and …show more content…
Response to Question 1.3 : Wild rumors passed from town to town, village to village that the nobles were appointing outlaws to terrify the peasants. This caused a panic called the Great Fear across France. The peasants armed with pitch forks and other farm tools soon turn out to be outlaws themselves. They supported this movement and the nobles were targeted by them. Breaking into nobles’ manor houses, they demolished the old legal papers that assured them to pay outdated charges. At times, the peasants would burn down the manor house. Chapter 23, Section 2: 1. How did the slogan "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" sum up the goals of the Revolution? Response to Question 2.1 : National Assembly accepted a declaration of revolutionary principles, the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. This document specified rights that included rights to security, property, liberty, resistance to unjust treatment and assured citizens freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and equal justice. Thus the slogan "Liberty, Equality, Fraternity" was adopted by revolutionary leaders. Liberty stood for individual freedom from governmental restrictions and intrusion. Equality stood for one law and one tax system for everyone, equal opportunity to advance based on merit, and political equality. Fraternity is the idea of brotherhood of all Frenchmen. 2. What major reforms did the National Assembly introduce? Response to Question 2.2 : The National
In France there were three estates/classes. The first and highest class was the church(clergy and kings), the second class was the nobility(nobles) and the third class and lowest rank was the commoners( peasants, bourgeois and city workers). There is a bar graph showing how unequal the tax structure is and how there is a huge population of poor people. It shows that the third estate is paying most of the taxes and they owned very little land, Doc 2. There is another photograph displaying two men labeled first and second estate standing on top of a rock labeled taxes all on top of a man labeled third estate, Doc 7. This picture is trying to explain how the top estates are all depending on the the third estate because they pay all the taxes and work on the
The Third Estate, treated unfairly in society, became angered and wanted simple equalities that the other Estates had. In
The lowest class or the third estate was compiled of the peasants and poor workers. Theses over taxed workers were the largest estate and because of this their vote was always the most difficult to construct (document 2). Not only the largest estate but also the only class to be taxed (document 1). The Third Estate had a difficult time assembling a consensus among their representatives, making them the least represented class in France. With no power politically the third class was unable to change their way of living and the only way to change the system was to split off and later start to
The first reason the French Revolution occurred, was because the king and queen were spending too much money on unnecessary items that the country could not afford. The king was gambling with money that the country did not have. Also, he was staging plays while the country was 40 billion dollars in debt. This made the people despise not only the king, but the queen too because they both were spending money on clothes and
The Enlightenment ideas emphasized reason and individualism rather than tradition. The American Revolution started due to ideas of the Enlightenment that changed the government and gave people rights through the balance of power, protection of natural rights, and the right to rebel to protect these freedoms. First, Federalism was designed to balance the power of the national and state governments by limiting powers of the national government. Enlightenment thinkers
Prior to the French Revolution, people of influence abused the political system in order to allow them to live in luxury. The government consisted of the first, second and third estate. The First Estate is composed of kings, queens, and other royalty personnel which is around one percent of the population. The Second Estate consists of nobles and clergy, which is equivalent to one percent of the population. Lastly, is the Third Estate which ranged anywhere from the
The second estate was the basic middle class, meaning those that had some money and power, but not as much, never being able to rise up past the invisible line dividing the estates.
For the first time in many years the king called a meeting of the estate general which is when all three estates met so that each one could be represented in government. The three estates, or orders, were the clergy- which is where I belong- being the first, the Nobility being the second, and commoners being the third. The third estate was the largest estate which included everybody that was not in the clergy or not a nobility- like myself. Not everybody in the third estate was poor, so long as you were not nobility or in the clergy you are in the third estate. We couldn't all agree how to vote. The third estate wanted to to vote by head but the first and second estate wanted to vote by order - which means each estate gets one vote, and because we were the most wealthy of estates we
3. The Enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in Montequieu’s Spirit of the Laws; introduces new notions of good government, the most radical being popular sovereignty, as in Rousseau’s Social Contract [1762]; the attack on the regime and privileged class by the Literary Underground of “Grub Street;” the broadening influence of public opinion.
In the midst of darkness, the people of France saw a beacon of hope when the Enlightenment gave them a glimpse of how great their life could be. The Enlightenment was a collection of ideas from various philosophers in Europe to question old views of society and use reason to create a better society. The enlightenment ideas focused on the people and their needs, prompting for governments to protect people’s basic rights to liberty, life, and equality. France, at the time, was suffering under the weak leadership of King Louis XVI, which created turmoil in all of France. In addition, there was bad blood between the three estates due to the fact that the top two estates held the most power despite only making up three percent of the population. Fed up with the monarchy and the disparity between the different estates, the people of France joined together in a revolution to create a better country that fulfilled their needs and demands. To achieve success, the people of France needed to stay true to their cause throughout the revolution and not infringe the basic rights of others. The French Revolution hoped to change the political and social status of France through enlightened ideas but failed to do so in every aspect.
The First and Second Estates, which was made up of the rich nobles, did not have to pay taxes, and had special privileges. In contrast, the Third Estate was made up of the townspeople who worked hard every day, and paid heavy taxes. This inequality angered the townspeople.
The fundamentals for the start of the French revolution were equality and liberty. Those in power didn’t stand equal in the Meeting of the Estates General. From the beginning, I always believed that everyone should have a say in government. However, not everyone believes so since the Third Estate is falling behind in power. The majority of the people in that Estate are commoners and peasants. Personally I feel bad because I want the poorer part of
In the 1770s, France was divided into three social classes, with the Third Estate being the
Toward the end of educational impact time, the force of Church was unlimited. Subsequently, it is normally that it took the first. With respect to relating advantages, the Estate was out of expense obligation. Additionally, the Church was approved for money tithe asserting. Inquisitively enough, this minority possessed more than 15% percent of France grounds. The second Estate was respectability. And additionally Church, this class was free from expenses. At the period of medieval relations, the force of it was assembled around terrains winning. The principle wellsprings of salaries was area rent and installments for area misuse. As the area was the premise of creating relations, it is actually that its proprietors were the wealthiest individuals of that times. Whatever is left of populace was the third Estate, alleged bourgeoisie. Coherently that this class needed to take whole taxation rate and its status was unimaginably complexity to two past Estates. Hence, it is not shocking that discouraged dominant part took activities for fairness foundation.
The French Revolution was a movement in France that occurred in the period of 1789 until 1799 when the people complained about the decisions of the King and Queen.The monarchies had the right to do whatever they wanted because their would be no arguments after they decided something.The third estate had five reasons to revolt, best known as the five causes which gave a purpose to start the revolution. Also, in the ten years, there were four different stages or phases that diverse events happened in each. The revolution also caused two effects in France that changed how the system worked before 1799.