What Is The Luminist Movement?

The Second Great Awakening laid the foundations of the development of present-day religious beliefs and establishments, moral views, and democratic ideals in the United States. Beginning back in late eighteenth century and lasting until the middle of the nineteenth century,1 this Protestant awakening sought to reach out the un-churched and bring people to a much more personal and vivid experience of Christianity. Starting on the Southern frontier and soon spreading to the Northeast, the Second Great Awakening has also been associated as a response against the growing liberalism in religion - skepticism, deism, and rational Christianity.2 Although the movement is well-known to be

In Alexander Gardner’s Photographic Sketchbook of the Civil War, the haunting image “Harvest of Death” catches one’s eye with the seemingly endless field of corpses. The jarring facial expression on the figure in the foreground draws one into the narrative of the piece. However, our initial understanding of the image’s narrative is limited to what we can see and what we know of the circumstances surrounding it. While we know it was taken during the American Civil War, by simply looking at the photograph, we cannot know who is depicted. In black and white, it is difficult to even tell what side of the conflict these fallen soldiers fought for. We can interpret the image for our own readings, but we cannot tell what the artist intended us to see or what message he wanted to impart with it. These unknowns, however, are addressed in the related text associated with the image. These short passages can tell us a great deal about the photographer’s intentions and influence the way we read the image. Through the excerpt, we not only learn the intended meaning of the photography, but we also learn about Gardner’s political intentions and the key points he wanted his viewers to note within the image. Published as a pair, Gardner used his text to contextualize his images and inform the way we perceive them. This is clearly illustrated in “A Harvest of Death” and its accompanying passage.

Ira Berlin (author of many thousands gone) starts this book off (in the prologue) by recalling a dispute some years ago over “who freed the slaves?” in the Civil War South. He was interviewed on Washington's public radio station about the meaning of “The Emancipation Proclamation”. He also addressed other familiar themes of the great document origin’s nature of the Civil War changing, the growing Black labor and the union's army’s dependence on it, the Evermore intensifying opposition to slavery in the North, and the interaction of military necessity an abolitionist idealism. He rehearsed the long established debate over the role of Abraham Lincoln, the radicals in Congress, abolitionists in the North, the Union army in the field, and slaves on the slaves on the plantations of the South in the destruction of slavery and in the authorship of legal freedom. During this debate he restated his position that “slaves played a critical role in securing their own freedom”.

DuBois, Ellen Carol, and Lynn Dumenil. Through Women's Eyes: An American History with Documents: 4th ed Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2016.

The Civil War caused a shift in the ways that many Americans thought about slavery and race. Chandra Manning’s What this Cruel War Was Over helps readers understand how soldiers viewed slavery during the Civil War. The book is a narrative, which follows the life of Union soldier who is from Massachusetts. Chandra Manning used letters, diaries and regimental newspapers to gain an understanding of soldiers’ views of slavery. The main character, Charles Brewster has never encountered slaves. However, he believes that Negroes are inferior. He does not meet slaves until he enters the war in the southern states of Maryland and Virginia. Charles Brewster views the slaves first as contraband. He believes the slaves are a burden and should be sent back to their owners because of the fugitive slave laws. Union soldiers focus shifted before the end of the war. They believed slavery was cruel and inhumane, expressing strong desire to liberate the slaves. As the war progresses, soldiers view slaves and slavery in a different light. This paper, by referring to the themes and characters presented in Chandra Manning’s What this Cruel War Was Over, analyzes how the issue of slavery and race shifted in the eyes of white Union soldiers’ during Civil War times.

Clara Barton, in her letter intended for her cousin in 1862, contemplates the turmoil and destruction in the battle which is to follow mere hours after her newly created letter. Therefore, Barton supports her claim by expertly illustrating and describing the gloomy, sorrowful tone of the campsite which she resides. The author's purpose is to inform and to show the context of the situation through imagery so that she can express the truth of the predicament through text. Appropriately, the author writes in this unhumorous, sober, and glowering tone for her cousin Vira to experience her position and Barton’s role in the American Civil War, mainly focusing on the upcoming battle of Fredericksburg.

Kleiner, Fred S. Gardner's Art through the Ages: A Global History, Fourteenth Edition, Volume II.

Rory Turner is Formerly Program Director for Folk and Traditional Arts and Program Initiative Specialist at the Maryland States Arts Concil. In Turner’s review “Bloodless Battles,” he iniciates the research with an ending of the American Civil War; “The American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865. Over 600,000 died in this multilevel conflict between the Northern states (the Union) and the southern states (the Confederacy)”. As the author explain much else in the United States, after a period of time when the war was over; each year there are many events all over the country, in memorial of The American Civil War and in continues to this day. Civil War reenactments are not just symbolic text that express culture meanings to analytically

Evoking Fear within the South: The Rise of the Confederacy that Fought for Slavery and How the Battle Persists in Modern Culture

Ash, Stephen V. A Year in the South: Four Lives in 1865. New York City: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.

Victims: A True Story of the Civil War is a compelling book written by acclaimed professor and American historian Philip Shaw Paludan. Paludan effectively paints a disturbing and extensive portrait of Appalachian mountain warfare during the Civil War by focusing on a small scale incident in North Carolina known as the Shelton Laurel massacre. Paludan surmises that an intimate look into the relatively unknown Shelton Laurel massacre “requires an investigation of the complexity of historical experience that studies of vast campaigns and huge battles can escape” (xx). Consequently, he skillfully expounds on neglected subfields in Civil War scholarship throughout Victims, including the complicated nature of guerilla warfare and the Civil War’s

Franklin has developed an awesome essay addressing the evolution of technology used in Americas` wars also the media’s presentation of theses wars to the public in the U.S. He emphasized mostly the media’s presentation of war, the forms and methods that it has gradually evolved to, and its lies and biases. Franklin discusses, however, how the projection of the war was romanticized at the beginning since paintings was the only way to visualize and express the war . However when photographs and videos were invented, it was a normal effect that the image of war was deglamorized. One of the results that, these images showed more truth than the previous romanticized paintings of old wars. Unfortunately, not all of these wars were candidly projected like the Civil War, but do not please be surprised to know that, the American government manipulated that technology only to their favor to portray a fake victory for America rather than a big failure.

From the period of the Civil War onward, there were writers that used poems, short stories, and even novels to show the dreadful, grotesque effects of the war. The authors also use different types of figurative language to show this. Two of the three main ideas used to protest the war is imagery and irony, the other being structure. These three things put together work together to, in simplest terms, describe the hardships of war and the effects on the people involved.

A great artist once wrote, “If you hear a voice within you say 'you cannot paint,' then by all means paint, and that voice will be silenced”. This artist was Vincent van Gogh, soon to be an appraised artist known all around the world for his works, such as Starry Night. He is one of the very first artists of the post-impressionist style than is now adored in every continent. However, there is much more to the man than one painting. Creating a full timeline that stretches beyond Gogh’s life, this paper will discuss the life of Vincent van Gogh and the impression he made on the world.

The Women’s Liberation Movement greatly impacted Australia and the United States throughout the 60’s and 70’s carrying on to the 90’s. Without the Women’s Liberation Movement women wouldn’t have received changes in laws primarily regarding employment impacting on them moving forward in terms of equal opportunities. However there is still a there is still process to be made concerning employment and social roles for women to have equal rights as men. The Women’s Liberation Movement started in the 60’s during the second wave of feminism. Even though the 70’s were a time of change, both Australia and the United States saw women remaining in low status roles and staying primarily in the domestic sphere. The 90’s however saw a dramatic change in the amount of women employed and working more so in the domestic sphere.