When thinking about women’s movements, one is likely to associate them with an event that has taken place in either the United States or Canada. Nevertheless, it is evident that women 's movements have historically occurred across the globe. Often, however, individuals do not take this into consideration when thinking about how these types of movements have had an influence on society in the 21st century. While reading the article: Political Culture, Catalan Nationalism, and the Women’s Movement in Early Twentieth-Century Spain, I was informed about a historical movement that has had a profound societal influence, The Spanish Women’s Movement. Within Mediterranean Studies, we learn about many different historical events that took place, …show more content…
This included their overall experience concerning how they were treated in regards to their social class, national identity, political culture, and gender reality. Once they became cognizant of their poor treatment and developed the courage to stand up for themselves, they began this movement, which has led to great success in relation to social and political developments. As this political culture grew, many Catalan women believed that differences among genders had a profound impact on claiming women’s rights, more specifically, however, within the field of education and paid work.
Subsequent to this argument, readers got a more descriptive understanding on nationalism and the formulation of Catalan feminism. At first, we are informed that by 1910, the word feminism was used quite commonly and exclusively by the women on the Catalan bourgeoisie, in order to define their movement. Throughout this time period, Catalan feminism was defined as social feminism, which was regarded towards the achievements of women’s rights in civil society. Due to many Catalan women being aware of their role in developing cultural identity, they used this achievement to obtain further educational and cultural amenities. Although the Catalan women’s movement caused conflict due to it generating tension between traditional views of life and the new feminist ways, in the mid 1900’s, 71% of the female population had high literacy rates.
The politicization of the
The 1930s were a period of many changes in Spain, especially because Francisco Franco started ruling the country and the political problems that arose. Things slowly started changing for women because of the foundation of Mujeres Libres, a female anarchist organization that fought for female rights. Until then, the general view of women was that of Proudhon, which meant that women were to be seen as reproducers whose role was to contribute to the society by taking care of their household and their children . This was especially common in the rural areas of Spain, where women could even be forced into arranged marriages against their will and almost had no say in what happened to them. The main oppressor of La Casa de Bernarda Alba is actually Bernarda, the mother of
Women have been active since the beginning of the early 1800’s and struggle until today’s day, to fight for equality. There were two women movement waves. The first wave was focused on the equality of the women by working on voting rights. The second wave from 1963 to 1982 concentrated on social issues. As in “Collective Action for Social Change”, Aaron Schutz and Marie Sandy stated in their book “women were tired of being second class citizens”. The civil rights movement spillover inspired women to create social movements by acting and building organizations focused on the issues that affected the women. The social issues were child care, domestic violence, contraception, and women’s health. One of the major topics that the feminists focused on was domestic violence that still exists in today’s day worldwide.
Traditionally the Spanish world throughout the 1960s saw women confined by socially constructed roles that were considered acceptable for their gender (Preston, 2015). These social norms restricted women from opportunities in both private and public spheres of life, and the role of a woman was deemed as no more than a wife, mother and homemaker (O’Connor, 2012; Culture 2016). With female identity strongly equated with roles that were deemed ‘feminine’, these oppressed notions dictated what women could or could not achieve and encouraged the continuation of patriarchal hierarchies (Brown, 2006). In many Spanish families, women were raised to obey the orders from their fathers and husbands, and continue traditional family obligations (Vazquez, 1998). This also meant
In “Lieutenant Nun: Memoir of a Transvestite in the New World” by Catalina de Erauso, a female-born transvestite conquers the Spanish World on her journey to disguise herself as a man and inflicts violence both on and off the battlefield. Catalina discovers her hidden role in society as she compares herself to her brothers advantage in life, as they are granted money and freedom in living their own lives. Erauso decides to take action of this act of inequality by forming a rebellion, as she pledges to threaten the social order.The gender roles allotted to both men and women in the Spanish world represent the significance of societal expectations in order to identify the importance of gender in determining one’s position in the social order in the Spanish World.
The March of Versailles, an event held on the October of 1789 was lead by women upset for various reasons which all lead back to the monarch. "Some were upset about bread shortages, many hated the Queen Marie Antoinette, some wanted the King to come back to Paris and fix the government." The king pleaded for mercy directing the food markets in Versailles to disseminate out food to each protester, however, aforementioned wasn't compelling as the dictator envisioned it. The King was conveyed to Paris and was urged commands by protesters commencing upon his departure due to execution. These self-sufficient women didn't quit until they acquired their battle toward the monarch which is a comparable historical situation that females within Mexico held. These females soldiers weren't apprehensive about anything, some fought either by choice or coercion. Without these extraordinary women, these events held wouldn't have occurred because these women do have one voice however they remained under the authority of their
In 1971, Mirta Vidal spoke about “Women: New Voice of La Raza”. She highlights that the oppression suffered by Hispanic and Latino women is different than others because they are oppressed by both race and sex. She continues with Chicanas being exploited as workers, by race, and by sex. She argues that because sexism will forever be rooted deeply in Hispanic and Latino society, women in these communities will always feel discouraged to form an organization themselves. The historical context is that this was the emergence of the Chicana rights movement. There are significant influences from the African American Civil Rights movement, as well as frustration from the development of the women’s movement by middle-class white women who did not address Chicano women’s concerns about
As time passed by, women capitalized on their collaboration to win respect and rights in the Mexican states. In “WOMEN AND THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION, 1910-1920” by Anna Macias, she states the struggles women went through during the revolution and the feminist movement. Macias states that “most historians of that epic struggle have ignored the active role of
The call for feminism marks the beginning of an extensive journey with the quest to inspire women and to advocate women right in a male governed the world. Gloria Anzaldúa and Maxine Kingston both scrutinize feminism in the framework of “Borderland: La Frontera: The New Mestiza” and “The Women Warrior” encouraging women to occupy a strong position in the post-colonial male led civilization. The author both traces the journey of women struggle to achieve rewarding role within the structure shaped by men. The alliance of different voice from disregarded women gestures a strong theme that inspires Maxine Hong Kingston and Gloria Anzaldua to write enthusiastically within the feminist topic to dispute the patriarchal society.
Women in the early 1900s did not have any rights and were oppressed and held against their will to many things, such as housecleaning or taking care of the children, however, they started to protest for, and eventually gain, the rights that were due long ago. Due to the traditional family structure, prevalent throughout the 20th century, women were oppressed and not considered full, independent human beings. Furthermore, the existing literature suggests that all of these accusations held against the government were true and woman were, in fact, oppressed. They protested for their simple rights such as, the right to vote or the right to work. Back then, it was known men held a higher position on the social scale rather than women, however,
The perception of inequality was evident in the colonial Spanish America, man belief that women were lacked in capacity to reason as soundly as men. A normal day for European women in the new world was generally characterized by male domination, for example marriage was arranged by the fathers, women never go out except to go church, women didn’t have the right to express their opinions about politic or society issues. Subsequent to all these bad treats European women try to find different ways to escape from man domination and demonstrate their intellectual capacities, for example women used become part of a convent, write in secret their desires and disappointments, and even dress as man to
Cobble, Dorothy Sue. The Other Women's Movement: Workplace Justice and Social Rights in Modern America. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2004. Thesis: Cobble argues that the "forgotten" women of labor feminism made a larger impact on "widespread change in social and economic order (4)" than previous studies have concluded.
Beginning in 1848 the worldwide women’s rights movement eventually included forty-three different countries. The basic rally was for women to be given the equalities of men. Groups were fighting for different laws to be changed within the cultural boundaries of their country, but the bottom line was – and still is, that women demand more respect.
Feminist, Eva Maria Duarte de Peron, started a “twentieth-century revolutionary movement” (Murray 206) in her country of Argentina. At the time, her husband was the president of Argentina. As the first lady of Argentina, she made it her duty to make a change for the country while her husband was in office. Her revolutionary ideas were based off of “nationalism and socialist ideology” (Murray 206). The ordinary women of Argentina were her target group for improvement.
For many years, women have been striving to gain equality with men. Women have been held back from many opportunities just because of their gender. This inequality based on gender is seen all over the world. The Chicana movement of 1960s stated the goal of empowerment of Mexican-American women. Latina feminist believed that they were just as important as men but they faced many cultural obstacles. The most obvious problem for the feminist Latinas were the reaction of the Latino. The men was not pleased with this movement because they felt threatened by these focused and confident women. The men considered the feminist movement as an assault on their Mexican cultural. Latinas who promoted the women’s rights faced the resistance of male authority
In the second wave of the Women’s Movements, the nuclear proliferation of the Cold War and Vietnam War brought thousands out in support of Voice of Women. The context of Canada’s 1958 acceptance of Bomarc missiles, the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, and the tense days of the Cuban missile crisis in 1962. Its arguments inspired many Canadians including Therese Casgrain, Lea Roback, and Muriel Duckworth, who all had close ties to an earlier stage of Canadian feminism. In support of an international ban on nuclear testing, Voice of Women collected baby teeth reveals high levels of Strontium 90, which enters the environment after nuclear testing. There was a partial test ban treaty, by 1963, which Canada signed. By 1969, the Voice of