Who Is Gladwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four?

Even when discussing someone like Bill Gates he even solidifies it farther with quotes from apparent experts of that area or people that were close to them such as '"They learned not only stamina. They had to learn an enormous amount of numbers' said the biographer of the Beatles. Quotes like this are extremely powerful as it by someone who wrote a Biography of them and so since he wrote that it is extremely likely that he knows a lot about them. The overall effect of him doing this is that he feels extremely credible as he is backed up by experts. Other than the indirect presentation of Ethos there is also some very obvious Ethos as he is in no need for further credentials to write this as he was a reporter for the Washington Post and then later for the New Yorker magazine. Of current, he still works there. He has also won a national magazine award. Aside from that in the actual writing there is no grammatical areas or run on sentences as well as proper punctuation. This is one of the things where one doesn't notice it until it is missing. On the Logos aspect of his paper, Gladwell employs this when he is talking about amazing events that occurred to people such as the Beatles or Mozart under "uncontrollable

The author explains exactly what the professional asserts and how particular pieces of evidence relate to Gladwell’s unconventional idea of success.

The first rhetorical device Gladwell uses in “The 10,000 Hour Rule” is imagery. His attempts at using imagery are not successful because what he proves is “The Matthew Effect,” instead of proving that it takes 10,000 hours, and more than just talent to reach mastery. Gladwell mentions the 75 richest people in the world and points out that 15 of the 75 were born in the same country around the same time. “Almost 20 percent of the names” “come from a single generation in a single country.” These people were able to achieve massive wealth, because “In the 1860s and 1870s, the American economy went through perhaps the greatest transformation in its history. This was when wall street was being built and when Wall Street emerged.”(Pg. 62) Gladwell uses no language to infer that these people practiced for 10,000 hours to achieve mastery of their jobs. Rather he proved that it is the timing, opportunities, and advantages make people successful, and not the amount of time they put in. In the 21st century world, Bill Gates is known as a pioneer in coding, and as a man who has made a lot of money off his career. Gladwell chose Bill Gates to prove his point that he was successful, because he has spent more than 10,000 hours coding, but yet again as the reader, it is quite obvious that the advantages Bill Gates had as a teenager led to his success. “Gates's father

1. -It was first used in the novel 1984 by George Orwell. The phrase "two plus two equals five" ("2 + 2 = 5") is a slogan used in many different forms of media, but more specifically in George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four as an example of an obviously false dogma one may be required to believe, similar to other obviously false slogans by the Party in the novel. It is contrasted with the phrase "two plus two makes four", the obvious (by definition) – but politically inexpedient – truth. Orwell's protagonist, Winston Smith, uses the phrase to wonder if the State might declare "two plus two equals five" as a fact; he ponders whether, if everybody believes it, does that make it true? Basically he is saying that as long as the party-(which has brainwashed all the citizens) has the power to control the truth, the public will never be free. Once people have the freedom to know the truth as they see it, to say that 2 + 2 = 4 instead of 2 + 2 = 5, then other freedoms will follow.

In the book “1984” written by George Orwell in 1948, the proles are presented as an impoverished, powerless and massive group of people. Nevertheless, they are free, unlike the rest of Oceania. They are not checked by the Party on what they do and think; therefore the proles are the only ones able to take Big Brother down.

In many instances, those who are successful are made out to be some sort of separate breed, those who were innately able to perform remarkable feats that others, no matter how hard they tried, simply could not. Through this exhibition, many people view success as an elusive feature that only a select few can obtain. This theory is the main inspiration for Malcolm Gladwell’s exploration of success in Outliers: The Story of Success. In the book, Gladwell analyzes not only those who are successful, such as Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, J.R. Oppenheimer, and Joe Flom, but what path led them towards becoming exceptionally skilled. This extremely in-depth analysis of successfulness forms Gladwell’s layered theory of what creates success, and his attempt

George Orwell focuses his belief of the “[disbelief] in the existence of the objective truth because all the facts have to fit in with the words and prophecies of some infallible fuhrer”. He envisions the decay of future society and implements his ideas through his creation of “Nineteen Eighty-Four”. Indications of a psychological fear are examined initially through the progression and change of the human mind, which is built upon the oppression of the Party. Through the construction of a world with no freedom and individuality, the human mind adapts the change of truth and pay utter submission from the Party, to escape the presence of their ultimate weakness. With those who are rebellious of the rules of the Party gradually brings out the ugly nature of humanity. Through the fragility of the human mind, it reinforces Orwell’s idea of a corrupted society, as there no longer remains a variety of human emotions for the next generation to pass onwards. Thus conclusively portraying the defeat of human mind unable to withstand the physical and mental tortures from the Party.

For the sake of making himself appear more credible, Gladwell cohesively uses anecdotes of incredibly successful people such as: Bill Joy, Bill Gates, and the Beatles. These anecdotes allow him to prove to the reader that he has done a great deal of research on the topic of the 10,000 hour rule. Gladwell tells the story about how a 16 year old Bill Joy discovered the University of Michigan’s computer center and decided to pursue computer science. Ultimately Joy “buried himself even deeper in the world of computer software” (36). Gladwell also talks about Bill Gates’ life and how opportunities appeared into Gates’ life out of the blue. This is singled out by the anaphora of the

The world that Orwell presents in Nineteen Eighty-four has often been called a nightmare vision of the future. Writing sixteen years into that future, we can see that not all of Orwell’s predictions have been fulfilled in their entirety! Yet,

Starting in Chapter 6 Gladwell presents us with the mysterious and seemingly inexplicable series of events that occurred in Harlan, Kentucky in the 19th century to introduce the enormous effect of cultural legacies.

In the book he tells readers the lives of other people and incidents in their lives. The first person we hear about is Bill Joy. Gladwell tells how Joy was a smart kid who ended up getting into a the University of Michigan in 1971, the same year the university opened its computer center. Joy became very interested in programming computers and got a job in the summer where he could program. Joy learned that you could enter t equals k and they wouldn’t charge you (46). By finding this Joy could program all day every day which allowed Joy to gain 10,000 hours of practice. Afterwards Joy was able to develop programs still used today. Gladwell uses this anecdote to back up the theory that 10,000 hours of practice leads to perfection which leads to success. The next person is Robert Oppenheimer, a physicist. He “headed the American effort to develop the nuclear bomb during World War II” (97). While Oppenheimer was in college he was depressed and had a tutor who made him attend the minutiae of experimental physics which he hated. He grew more and more unstable until he tried to poison his tutor. Oppenheimer met the general behind the Manhattan Project and was able to charm the general into letting him work on the project. Even though he had a history of being unstable and trying to poison his tutor Oppenheimer was charming and had social savvy which he used in order to get what he wants. He was from a middle class family where he was taught to speak up for himself and to take control of a conversation even if it is with an older person. His background as a child who grew up in middle class house helped him to work on the project. Gladwell provided many anecdotes in his book to help show that people could not control success. He shows that success can be gained by ethnic background, opportunities they are giving, and how much the worked. Many of the anecdotes show that people were giving good opportunities that were not

I really liked the book an the fact that it recognized the importance and influence of external factor intertwined with internal characteristics to explain a successful turn out. As Bill Gates said “I was very lucky”. Thanks to Gladwell’s broad analysis we can understand all of the underlying factors that Gates takes into account when describing his luck. History, culture, opportunity, community, family and SES make you what you are. You are

Bill Joy is then introduced and was surprisingly wanting to go to school for either mathematics or to a be a biologist. But he soon discovered the computer center and began to program and practically got captivated with it in the early 70s. Gladwell finishes the introduction and goes into saying that Joy’s success was an outcome to something that just isn’t talent. What he’s saying is practice makes perfect. Then the chapter shifts to why it got it’s name (“10,000- hour rule”). It got it’s name because there was a study on young aspiring musicians by psychologist, K. Anders Ericsson, and how committed a student can be and the amount of hours of practice each student does. In the outcome Ericsson states that to be truly masterful at any task you must have 10,000 or more hours of practice. This reflects with Joy because in an interview he stated that he was in the computer center programming compared to his time in his classes that he was enrolled in. So if you could estimate that he clearly reached above and beyond the 10,000 hour goal. As I’ve mentioned Gladwell offers examples of this rule from the Beatles to Bill Gates. The Beatles in the early 1960s practiced their skill by playing eight-hour-long shows in Hamburg which were strip clubs. For Bill Gates he was blessed with plenty opportunities, first by

The importance of providing a myriad of examples is to show evidence that this happens with many people, not just one isolated incident. This section is dedicated to the opportunities contributing to his successful business; Gates started to develop a passion for programing in the 8th grade. In the 60’s computers were rare, so the chances of learning code at a young age was very limited. This gives him the upper hand, which is discussed in section six bringing all the examples together. Concluding the chapter, he analyzes everything that was said and brings up birth years of some of the most accomplished people in the world. Addressing how some have the upper hand, when it comes to time. Retouching on the previous chapter about Hockey players birth year and applying it to successful people outside of sports. This again, creates a connection to what was learned, but also expands on the

Bill Joy is one of the most well respected people in the world for his work in computer programing and built himself up to be that. However the writer argues that a series of events that played out perfectly for Bill Joy is also just as responsible for his success as he is. Bill Joy was an academic stud who graduated from High School at 16 and was accepted into the University of Michigan were he planned to study engineering. Also at this time Michigan had just built a computer room on campus that when first entered by the 17 year old Bill Joy immediately falls in love with computers and their software. As time goes on Bill Joy spends most of his time programming and while he does this he also graduates college and moves on to post graduate school at the University of California where he starts to make his name in programming.