In our society, interactions with others contains vital importance when examining the exercise of authority. Due to this, authority has been very challenging to embrace. An individual with arduous authority is often required to make decisions, and these decisions are created based on the conscience this person possesses. Constantly, the interpretation must be made whether these decisions stamp a title on these individuals, and this is where legitimacy or illegitimacy of the individual’s actions make an appearance. In the play Measure for Measure written by William Shakespeare, readers have the opportunity to witness this trial of holding authority. Angelo, one of the characters within the play, exemplifies the exercise of authority, and arguments can be created in relation to the sincerity of his actions. Many may argue that his use of authority seems illegitimate, but due to certain citations within this play, I strongly believe the contrary is true. Many situations within this particular play comprise the recognition characters obtain of his incomparable ability to enforce laws, and these can act as the establishment of proving the legitimacy he has as an authority figure. Also, particular characters offer blatant indications of knowing and acknowledging the laws of the land, which will result in the culmination of proving his legitimacy. Before presenting these examples, the definition of legitimacy must be clarified. In addition to this, I will also be offering a
• It is the notion of the corruptive nature of power which Shakespeare draws on
People love to lust, and because of this the word love is used to disguise the true underlying desires of lust. Love and lust are two abstract ideas associated with men and women in different ways that could potentially lead to corruption of people in power. Religions are an example where corruption can take place, because of how religions are a type of guidance of how to enforce or live through certain morals/beliefs from a higher institution of power to individuals who follow the guidance given. This idea of enforcing morals/beliefs can be seen with law and justice, in relation with different types of government that possess power over other individuals. Powerful guides/leaders, for example a Duke or a prior, are expected to uphold high
Discuss how Shakespeare uses language and dramatic techniques for character development in Act 2 Scene 2 of Measure for Measure.
I like what you had to say about the relationship between justice and mercy. I agree that Shakespeare expresses a need for balance between justice and mercy. The only problem with that is that Measure for Measure displays no real justice, only talks about it. The various characters of the play solicit for a symbolistic balance, yet live their lives in uneven measures. Justice seems to be an important theme of Measure for Measure yet its apparent absence found me wanting by the end of the play. Measure for Measure attempts to examine the difference between justice with and without mercy and the harmonious balance of both. This topic is of great importance during the time this play was written because the means of punishment frequently
Here, readers interpret that appearance is synonymous to laws and natural urges to reality. On a seeming level, there are several instances throughout the play in which appearances deny the truth of a situation. This is encapsulated in the concept of dramatic irony. Ironic cases of mistaken identity appear in the play, such as the Duke's disguise and Lucio's unintentional denouncement of him as emphasizing that “cucullus non facit monachum…” to his face. Meaning that “a hood does not make a monk”, Isabella's switch with Mariana to seduce Angelo, and Angelo's mistaking the pirate's head for Claudio's. In each case, characters misunderstand a situation based on its appearances. However, there are deeper contradictions between appearance and reality. One illustration is the hypocritical Do-As-I-say-not-as-I- do approach that Angelo demonstrates. This is the obnoxious side of dissimulation, which allows the least virtuous characters to seem the most upstanding. The opposite scenario, however, is found in Isabella's personal dilemma: in order to “…redeem…” her brother Claudio, she must appear to disregard her religious vows and “…[yield] up [her] body to [Angelo’s]
The great Shakespeare once again presents a play of mystery, confusion, multiple weddings, and death. Measure for Measure is another great example of the literary tools that are often used by Shakespeare. In this play, great issues arise quickly after Claudio impregnates Juliet consensually. Of course, the chaos did not occur until after the Duke decided to leave town and leave Angelo in charge, as a tactic to regain strict law throughout the city. Power hungry Angelo does everything he can to punish and use Claudio as an example to the rest of the town as to why following law is highly important. Claudio’s sister and the disguised duke come up with a plan to circumvent the ruling of Angelo and eventually use his previous actions as blackmail. This play takes constant turns left and right as different characters take charge of the happenings of Claudio. In the end, the duke reclaims his chair of power and Claudio is pardoned, all because of the chance of fate. Many critics have read this play and analyzed it for deeper meanings. One of the deepest meanings has come directly from the play title itself. Measure for Measure by Shakespeare is named as so because of the punishment for crimes, the measure or treatment of women, and the measure of the character’s actions.
"Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall" (II.I.490-495). The idea of social justice In Shakespeare 's Measure For Measure is mete out both politically and socially in the Viennese society. The idea of justice intrigued Shakespeare so much that he decided to name the play after it. The title Measure for Measure actually comes from a biblical passage that is the underlying theme of the play, “Judge not, that ye be not judged. For with that judgment ye judge, ye shall be judged: and with what measure you meet, it shall be measured unto you again (Matthew 7:1-2). Shakespeare is commentating on the human desire to critique those around us and reminds us that ultimately it is only God who can judge mankind. It also resonates with the Biblical adage “Do unto others what you would want done to you” paralleling the play in that the powerful characters (mainly Angelo) are hypocrites who dish out justice and punishment as they see fit but fail to hold themselves accountable for those ideals. This best applies to Angelo when he condemns Claudio to death for fornicating yet asks Isabella to give up her virginity to save him. There are several instances in which Isabella stands up for herself within the context of defending her honor and in trying to reason with Angelo. Those instances reflect a less powerful figure confronting someone who has more power. The confrontations shed light on gender and
How is contrast displayed in Shakespearean drama? Playwright William Shakespeare’s works are not written in the way we normally see poems and plays. His writing often displays the contrast between his works. Shakespeare utilizes contrast in his plays “Measure for Measure” and “Julius Caesar” through his themes and characters to carry out the Shakespearean tragedy. Shakespeare demonstrates the contrast in his works through his non-uniform look on tragic stories.
In any given society power and greed are often noted as societal factors that tend to exist together such that one of them influences the other. In William Shakespeare 's play, "Measure for Measure" the two concepts have been clearly depicted through Lord Angelo and the Duke 's action of using their power to win the love of Claudio 's sister, Isabella. Based on the theme of this play, one can argue that leaders sometimes use their power to influence the lives of others or control a particular agenda. It is represented through Lord Angelo who uses his manipulative nature for personal gratification with Isabella, revealing the positive and negative characteristics of his character and exposing the truth of human nature. The paper discusses the concept of authority and greed to understand how people in authority use their power to fulfill their personal desires by taking advantage of their position or authority.
In this extract taken from Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure (Shakespeare, W. and Bawcutt, N. 2008), and significantly throughout the play, the concept of morality is explored. The following essay will argue whether the actions of the characters and their spiritual and ethical beliefs, should be considered morally acceptable.
The Last Act of Measure for Measure by William Shakespeare Works Cited Not Included Measure for Measure is one of Shakespeare's unclassifiable plays. It was written in 1603 and is one of his most enigmatic and unfathomable works. It is normally referred to as a problem play and, up until the 20th century it was seen as one of Shakespeare's worst works, due to the fact that many were uncertain as to the character's motives. However within the last century, it has undergone a revival and many believe it to be one of his greatest works.
Throughout the play we become aware of the rampant sexuality prevalent at the brothels and slums of the city. It is nothing more than a temptation that corrupts public officials and oppresses innocence. Th Duke is fully conscious of the laxity of which he had been guilty in governing his country. He had allowed the strict statutes and the rigorous laws to become a dead letter. It leads to the result that people has been taking more and more liberties, and has been committingall kinds of offences and crimes. When the Duke delegates his authority to Angelo, he
Abstract: William Shakespeare is one of the greatest dramatists in the world. In fact, all the gigantic and romantic mileposts of literary accomplishment warble the canticles of Shakespearean glory which was originated in the glamorous reign of Queen Elizabeth I, one of the most celebrated monarchs in European history. Moreover, he is one of the most precious jewels in the dramatic world that is hoisted and lighted by the prestigious playwrights of all the erudite eras. This paper, basically, highlights the stream of skilful advocation that takes place in Shakespeare’s reasonable, justifiable and defensible play ‒ The Merchant of Venice. As a matter of fact, law, justice and legal profession often play a pivotal role in most of his dramatic
Paul Raffled and Gary Watt, described the Elizabethan time as an era where the ‘government was conducted and represented as theatre’ . The aforementioned quote questions the importance of being performative or acting in relation to leading a kingdom or to rule accordingly. Throughout Shakespeare’s plays, he illustrates that magistracy is more than the ability to dictate, but more to do with effectively appearing the part of a magistrate. Encompassing the themes of ‘Divine Right of Kings’, in King Richard the Second, and the ‘Divine Quality of Mercy’, in Merchant of Venice , Shakespeare demonstrates the significance of performance through the unified concept that kingship and law is fragile, easily broken and used for deceptive purposes. This essay will specifically look at the Duel Scene (Act I, Scene III) and the Mirror Scene (Act IV, Scene I) in King Richard the second (Richard II). Also, look into Shylock’s Trial (Act IV, Scene I) and the Casket Game (Act II, Scene IX) in Merchant of Venice (MOV). To which this easy will prove that being performative is to the utmost importance for magistrates during the Shakespearean era.
Measure for Measure is a play by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1603 or 1604. Originally published in the First Folio of 1623, where it was listed as a comedy. The play's first recorded performance occurred in 1604. The play's main themes include justice, "mortality and mercy in Vienna," and the dichotomy between corruption and purity: "some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall." Mercy and virtue prevail, as the play does not end tragically, with virtues such as compassion and forgiveness being exercised at the end of the production. While the play focuses on justice overall, the final scene illustrates that Shakespeare intended for moral justice to temper strict civil justice: a number of the characters receive understanding and leniency, instead of the harsh punishment to which they, according to the law, could have been sentenced. Measure for Measure is often called one of Shakespeare's problem plays. It was, and continues to be, classified as comedy, though its tone may defy those expectations.