In 2016, the film X-Men: Apocalypse directed by Bryan Singer was released worldwide. The X-Men universe is, ”governed by male rules” and in which” no woman could ever hope to ascend to the top” (Kaklamanidou 72). There are many controversial and heated arguments regarding the previous X-men films being patriarchal. Despite the fact that the savior in the film X-Men: Apocalypse is a female character, there are many instances in which a patriarchal society is displayed. Males are shown to dominate the female characters within the X-Men universe throughout the film, for instance, the X-Men universe is shown as the world which is only ruled by males, females and their powers are controlled and guided by males, lastly the heroism of females in the X-Men universe is always concealed as male characters receive more screen time as well as all the credit.
To begin with, the X-Men: Apocalypse portrays a society in which males solely rule. The movie begins in 3600 BCE with a sole ruler known as the Apocalypse. He solely rules the earth with his four horsemen. There are no queens, nor princesses that are identified within the film to claim the throne. Therefore it can be witnessed that the idea of male dominance and patriarchy is portrayed to the audience since the starting of the movie. Furthermore, Kaklamanidou in her article argues that the previous X-men movies are, “narrated by a male point of view” (Kaklamanidou 63). This is also evident through X-Men: Apocalypse because the
City of God is a movie that takes place in Rio De Janerio beginning in the 1960s. It is a story of a young Brazilian boy named Rocket who observes and experiences the shift in power and how that power is gained and maintained in the world of drugs. It can be said that unsavory choices are made in order for L’il Ze to get to the top, however it could be argued that he is just playing by the rules of the street. This is how macro-subcultural theories apply to the movie City of God, leaders take and maintain power through force as they have been taught and continue to teach others to do.
In a patriarchal society, men are the decisions makers and holds position of power and prestige. Men in this society are very ambitious and self-determined and want to be known and brought down in history for what they discover or invent. Beginning with an ambitious explorer, to a mad scientist and his creation, all these men will do anything in their power to achieve their goals. In the book Frankenstein by Mary Shelley, the quest of pursing goals in a patriarchal society is demonstrated by Victor Frankenstein, Robert Walton and The Monster.
Our world has been a male dominated society from the beginning of time. In most cultures, especially in ancient times, women were thought of as secondary to their male counterparts. Women were considered a possession just as a house or piece of property is considered a possession. The role of women in these early societies did not receive an education but was to take care of the household and have children. The women of the Minoan and Mycenaean ancient Greece cultures held much more roles than homemakers and mothers; they were allowed more freedoms and rights also oracles, priestesses, and political advisors yet they are also seen by men as nothing more than a mere possession.
In Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man, sex is used as a tool to blind the narrator from his identity as he strives to find it, who he really is. Even though there are many obstacles, sex is one of the more prominent that the narrator must face, only to reveal that he is unable to find his identity, “ I had been invisible to Mary as I had been to the Brotherhood”(571). At the end of the book, the narrator is fully aware of his invisibility, but its how he got there, and the struggles he endured, that hold true significance.
In Hollywood films, the main protagonist of mostly all film are males showing how strong, smart, and how they are the perfect hero, yet woman are seen as the damsel in distress, soft, and weak. Women are seen as the girlfriend, the wife, or the mother. The value of the woman in films is determined by their male counterparts and their overall outer appearance. In movies women are seen as the same with all women are ditzy, dependent on someone, they need someone to hold their hand also that woman are too emotional, yet there are movies that show women as strong and dependent. Movies with female leads are growing and they show how woman are just as strong as male leads. Yeah, many women are strong in their own way; I know I sure am.
Men run countries. Men are sports heroes. And in the movies, women are reliant upon
While Ripley manages to use the technology, machinery and weaponry to defeat the aliens, she tries to be as inventive and resourceful as possible to distinguish herself from the militarised approach of the marines. And so when the marines start to be wiped out one by one by the aliens, Ripley decides to take on a leadership role because no one would listen to her at first and doesn’t want to feel responsible for any more deaths. At this point in the film, she destroys any fantasy version or perception of what men want in women. We fully now know how Ripley is a person. She is pushy, aggressive, rude, injured, suffering from PTSD, doesn't wear makeup, tired, smart, motherly, angry, empathetic, and determined to save others, even at great cost to herself which makes her character all the more heroic and masculine as a majority of these attributes hold connotations with masculinity.
Men tend to be the CEO’s, President’s, Vice President’s, and Treasures of companies. Men still tend to be paid more than the women who work. There are many more examples of how society is primarily still run under a patriarchy. One is through the media. Most commercials seen on the television is geared toward men. I.e. the skimpy dressed female eating a burger, and savoring every last bite. That is not just geared toward men it is sexually geared toward men. However, women can not say much because they have David Beckham walking around in underwear as well.
This chapter first establishes the discursive approach to gender as the foundation for conceptualizing masculinities. Next, it introduces some recent conceptualizations of masculinities and the types of masculinities propagated within the Singapore context. Following that, it explores how advertisements produce and transfer meaning before looking at some of the masculinities present in the advertisements within men’s lifestyle magazines.
According to an article called, “How Horror Films Are Bringing More Gender Equality to Hollywood” it states that, “University of Southern California communications professor Stacy Smith, who researches depictions of gender and race in film and TV, found that of the 5,839 characters in the 129 top-grossing films released between 2006 and 2011, fewer than 30 percent were girls or women.” This explains that males still have a dominating place in movie character roles in this generation. In general male figures in the movie industry could be seen as the more ruling characters as they are more
Patriarchal structure remains prevalent today with the concepts of “white knighting,” fathers walking their daughters down the aisle to be given away to another man in a wedding, a father’s approval for a daughter’s partner, and many other cases. In Miguel de Cervantes’s Don Quixote, Don Quixote works to save various damsels in distress as his patriarchal white knight position and is always working to please Dulcinea through his efforts of gallantry. In the case of the Captive, the Captive ultimately tried eloping with Lela Zoraida. The Captive’s secret relationship with Lela Zoraida was only able to occur because the affairs were conducted below Lela Zoraida’s father’s radar, therefore, he was not aware of these proceedings.
The origin of patriarchy is disputed, however I find it to show signs in the Paleolithic. Men were hunters and women were traditionally gatherers. It obviously appears stronger to kill a wooly mammoth than to pick strawberries, which is where I belive males being stronger and more dominant comes from. During the neolithic era, these ideals were further pushed by the introduction of agriculture. The men would do the “heavy lifting” by breaking hard soil and plowing the fields. The women would watch the kids, or plant
The purpose of this paper is to explore patriarchal values that reinforce violence towards women in intimate partner relationships. This paper argues that patriarchy and the social construction of masculinity reproduce male violence against women. The following sub-issues that that will be discussed are patriarchy, capitalism, the religion of Islam, and the construction of masculinity and femininity. All the sub-issues encompass patriarchy values which allows inmate partner violence.
For example, England may be ruled by a queen, but it remains a patriarchy nonetheless. The famous Egyptian queens Cleopatra and Nefertiti were also rulers of a patriarchal society. Of course, a society could, theoretically, be female-dominated and remain a patriarchy as long as the females were ‘masculine-gendered’, meaning they played the stereotypical ‘male roles’ in society.
Throughout the course of human history, societies worldwide tend to follow a specific pattern of male domination in politics, economics, and culture. From the earliest city-states of Mesopotamia to the massive empires of China and Rome, women were forced to take a limited role in society. This systematic oppression of women is indicative of a patriarchal society, in which “women have been subordinate to men in the family and in society generally” (Ways of the World 59). Though these civilizations share the characteristic of male supremacy, each had different practices governing interactions between the genders. Each society had a unique idea of exactly what rights women were afforded and how the patriarchy was enforced. The Mesopotamian, Chinese, and Greek civilizations were undeniably patriarchal, but how the dominance of men was expressed varied between each society.