Xylene Research Paper

* Chemicals in your workplace. Working with certain chemicals may increase your risk of transitional cell carcinoma.

A. Risks include increased risk of developing lung infections and lung cancer, coughing, and obstruction of air passages. It also may impair concentration and coordination but only if used in negative-intended/harmful ways.

The most common form of polyethylene is petroleum based or olefins based; as before mentioned polyethylene compounds have a wide commercial applicability and are made from non-renewable resources (Harding, Dennis, von Blottnitz, Harrison, & S.T.L., 2007). Its manufacturing processes are regarded as energy intensive and release significant amount of CO2 and heat into the atmosphere (Broderick, 2008). Next a little more detailed description of polyethylene’s production processes will be presented, with a focus on the way the material inputs are extracted and synthesized.

cause skin irritation, allergy, and has been linked to organ system toxicity. There are concerns that Propylene Glycol can cause brain, liver, and kidney abnormalities.

Other raw materials isolated from petroleum are benzene and xylenes, made to make polystyrene, nylons, and polyesters.

There are approximately 4,000-7,000 chemicals in cigarette smoke. Chemicals included are: nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide, arsenic, acetone, benzene, butane, Cadmium and DDT. The chemicals previously listed are typically found within nail polish remover, hair dye, rat poison, rubber cement, active ingredients in battery acid, embalming fluid, and materials for paving roads. Forty-three of the chemicals within a cigarette are known cancer-causing compounds, and over 400 other toxins. In addition, depending on the type of cigarette that is smoked, the effects could be even more harmful to one’s body by containing more additives and chemicals than others (Kleinman, L., M.D., & D. M., M.P.H., 2016).

These substances not only trigger liver, heart, kidney and nervous system deterioration, but also cause lung impairment and cancer.

Styrene exposure may take place either while working or at home, but for the non-smoking community, exposure is typically much less than for industrial workers who are exposed to the monomer. The highest levels of styrene exposure in industry occur in the reinforced plastics industry where the employees are exposed to high concentrations. The largest source of styrene exposure occurs due to cigarette smoking within the general public. Cigarette smoking leads to styrene exposure that is 10 times greater than the level of all other non-industrial sources combined. If excessive amounts of styrene are inhaled, a bag valve mask should be used as a source of artificial respiration. Short term inhalation exposure may lead to irritation, nausea, vomiting, headache, symptoms of hearing loss, liver damage, and drunkenness. Long term inhalation exposure may lead to brain damage, liver damage, kidney damage, and lung

Xanthomonas is the bacterium which secrets polysaccharide which in actuality is Xanthan Gum, which is commonly used as a food thickening agent(salad dressing) and a stabilizer. Xantham Gum is produced by fermenting glucose,sucrose or lactose, followed by precipitation of polysaccharide from a growth medium with isopropyl alchohol,dried and ground into a fine powder. Later it is added to a liquid medium to form the gum.

Being that propyl xylene and iso-propyl xylene are structural isomers, they share the same molecular mass. Considering that the molecular mass of both isomers is 148, the peaks on the gas chromatography spectrum with the rightmost peak on their corresponding mass spectrum as 148 were the desired peaks. Examining the mass spectra for both isomers in figures 2 and 3, it was evident that all the significant peaks shown had the same masses except for the largest. Knowing that each peak represents an isotope of that compound, the isotopes structures were all determined. As anticipated, each peak with the same molecular mass had the same isotope; however, the largest peak differed between isomers. The largest peak of the mass spectrum in figure 2 was 133, which corresponds best with the isotope of iso-propyl xylene. Similarly, the largest peak in the mass spectrum of figure 3 is 119, matching strongly with the isotope of propyl xylene. With the identity of these peaks determined, their heights and widths were measured and assigned in the desired formula, indicating that the final product contained 70% propyl xylene and 30% iso-propyl

A study done by the Berkeley lab team, found that the total integrated harm rises sharply in the first five hours after a cigarette has been smoked, and continues to rise for another five hours, and doesn’t start to level off until after 10 hours. Another study done by Hugo Destaillats called “Inhalable Constituents of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke: Chemical Characterization and Health Impact Considerations,” stated that,“Many smokers know secondhand smoke is harmful, so they don’t smoke when their kids are present. But if, for example, they stop smoking at 2 p.m. and the kids come home at 4 p.m., our work shows that up to 60 percent of the harm from inhaling thirdhand smoke remains” (Chao). Dr. Manuela Martins-Green, a professor of cell biology at University of California-Riverside, found in a recent study that cigarette smoke toxins left on surfaces can affect asthma, liver functions, wound healing and attentiveness. In this study she placed mice in a normally ventilated habitat containing curtains and an upholstery that had been exposed to cigarette smoke to mimic human exposure to thirdhand smoke. After six months, researchers examined the mice and compared them to a control sample to determine if any ill health effects could be seen. “What we saw is that even with these small types of exposure, the lung already had a lot of inflammation and a lot of collagen deposition, which means fibrosis,” she said. “Fibrosis destroys

It also destroys the cardiovascular system of our body slowly and slowly. Problems like lowering of good cholesterol (HDL), increasing of bad cholesterol (LDL), and high blood pressure are very prone.

My results imply, that fabric softener increases the flammability of cotton and polyester. The results show how the chemicals in fabric softener change different fabrics like cotton, and polyester. Fabric softener changes the characteristic of the fabrics, making the fabric more susceptible to catching on fire. After fabric softener is used on different materials, the material catches on fire quicker, and burns in a shorter time period. From the background knowledge, researched fabrics become more flammable because they are coated in a flame retardant.

Xylem Canada inc., provider of the Flygt brand, confirm that the distributor “Distribution PALM inc” (supplier #726984) is the supplier of all 9/32” lifting chain SS316L grade 50 sold in Canada with the following Flygt pump model 3085,3102,2137,3140,3152,3153,3170 & 3201. This is sold as our standard stainless steel lifting chain across the country to lift pump weight from 194 lbs (3085) to 1717 lbs (3201).

Ethanoyl anhydride and concentrated sulfuric acid are highly corrosive. Ethanol is flammable, salicylic acid is irritant to eyes and skin. Chemicals were handled in the fume cupboard. Plastic gloves were worn throughout the experiment.