Zika Testing Cons

Community health nurses face a multitude of challenges as they strive to improve health outcomes in the community and monitor and manage diseases. Valued for their adaptability, ability, and willingness to provide care in many settings, including schools, homeless shelters, and community health clinics, community health nurses provide comprehensive care to their clients wherever the client is located. Perhaps one of the more complex and challenging areas for a community health nurse is that of infectious diseases. With the advent of the Zika virus into the United States, community health nurses must be up to date on the latest studies and recommendations from the Centers for Diseases Control (CDC). Since much of the recent information released centers on the Zika virus and pregnant women, it is imperative community nurses know not only what the virus is, but how it is transmitted, assessment findings, and educating the community on ways to prevent the virus.

In this project women of childbearing age was largely the population of focus, with many social determinants of the health that made this already vulnerable population even more in need of assistance concerning possible Zika outbreaks, prenatal education, and family planning services. Social determinants of health may include a variety of non-medical variables such as socioeconomic status, education attainment, neighborhood factors, racial discrimination, access to resources, working environment, etc. (Braveman, Egerter, & Williams, 2011; Mendez, Hogan, & Culhane, 2013). Women of childbearing age in relation to Zika virus exposure risk may encounter institutionalized racism and various upstream determinants of health that may negatively impact their ability to obtain healthcare coverage, educational resources, and family planning services. The political trends in Texas towards defunding Planned Parenthood and not expanding Medicaid services has placed an enormous burden on the women of Texas who wish to plan or prevent pregnancy but do not have the financial means to do so (Darney, et al., 2017). In the wake of a possible endemic disease, such as Zika virus, the most vulnerable will be the most susceptible.

This BBC News article discusses the spreading Zika virus in Spain. Sources in Spain have broken the news that the first diagnosed case of a pregnant woman contracting the virus had occurred in the country of Spain. The article discusses how this case, as well as most other cases currently diagnosed in Spain, had been contracted outside of the country in regions where the virus is rampant. The article also talks about the widespread fear that the Zika virus is the cause of some birth defects, specifically underdeveloped brains in infants.

Mary and Henry Poor a married couple, well-educated and upper middle class Americans. Although, with the responsibility of seven children, money was tight at times. Mary Poor had a diaries and letters that provided an intimate view of the couples sexual life and possible attempts to limit family size. Throughout the diary, she would put X’s on days she and her husband had sexual intercourse along with the menstrual pluses. If you remember from class discussion it was called, “rhythm method”.

The growing concern of the Zika outbreak that originated back in 1947 Uganda in monkeys and later crossed over to humans in 1952 has now reached several countries. These outbreaks are occurring in Brazil and reportedly more than 7,000 people have been infected from mosquito bites. On February 1, 2016 the World Health Organization declared the Zika a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. To combat the issue Louisville activated the “Zika Response Action Plan, which provides guidelines for preparation and response to the virus in the Louisville Metro Department of Public Health and Wellness (LMPHW) jurisdiction” (ZIKA Response plan, 2016). The plan being used by Louisville demonstrates the prevention and mitigation being executed

D. G. Florentino, F.J. Montero are the writers of “The Zika Virus and Pregnancy” and their intended audience were expert readers. “In Reaction to Zika Outbreak, Echoes of Polio” was written by Donald G. McNeil Jr. with the intention of the audience being lay reader’s.

For starters, the author provided a lot of information about the experimental Zika vaccine. It gives details about the positives and negatives of this study. Moreover, LaMotte divided the article in sections, she also titled each section. This gave readers an idea on what to expect in each the section. In addition to dividing the article in sections, she provided some visual representations. These visuals were presented in forms of pictures and videos with their correspondent captions. Pictures of blood samples, and photos of bliss receiving blood withdraw can be seen in the article. In addition to the picture, the author included a video featuring Bliss and some of the medical team. At the end of the video, they showed pictures of mothers with upset children. The video is a great option for people who have difficulty reading to have access to this information. Moreover, visual learners will find the video and pictures helpful. The article puts a lot of focus on Bliss, therefore it should have provided more details on Bliss’s health status throughout the

2. When doing a media audit I felt that for the most part The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention media releases about Zika Virus were very informative, helpful, and timely. However, in January 2016 it was reported that The CDC rescheduled their advisory warning three times that day before finally giving their phone conference at 7p.m.(Washington Post, 2016). When the travel notice was released there was a lot of questions from the public. At this time The CDC didn’t have many answers as to what all was going on except that they found a connection between Zika Virus and fetuses , "What we know now is that fetuses can be infected with the virus. That's not new for infectious diseases, but it is new for this virus,”

Researchers have built up a nonhuman primate model of Zika infection disease to better comprehend its course in people, particularly in pregnant ladies. David O'Connor of the University of Wisconsin-Madison and partners infused eight rhesus macaques—two of them pregnant—with the Asian strain of the infection as of now flowing in South and Central America. The non-pregnant and pregnant monkeys were still contaminated 21 days and up to 57 days after the fact, individually, and all creatures were resistant to reinfection 10 weeks post-infusion, the scientists reported today (June 28) in Nature Communications. Before distribution, the group was posting its information online continuously.

Questionnaires: Questionnaires could be sent out to every household in a certain region in Brazil or out to the entire country to ask households if the Zika virus is present in their family. A flaw would be that not all maybe complete the questionnaire and submit it.

This article focuses on the outbreak of the Zika virus, which has recently begun spreading across the world with an emphasis on Latin American countries Brazil and Colombia. There are currently over 26,000 people who have been confirmed as infected with the virus in Colombia alone and this number is expected to rise dramatically to about 600,000 within the coming months considering the location and altitude of the countries and the frequency of their carrier mosquito. The virus has no vaccine yet; all prevention methods are focused on controlling the mosquitos spreading the disease by promoting proper sanitation regarding dirty water storage and accumulated trash. Among the people infected is 16-year-old Angie Paola Castro, one of 3,177 women

Stein also reports that microcephaly in infants due to the Zika virus is rare, but the risk has been increased in Brazil, due to the endemic status of the infection (Stein, 2016). This article mainly focuses on pregnant women and their children,

As of now, there is no official vaccine for Zika. Instead, a patient that has the contagion must undergo certain treatments. Fortunately, the remedies for the virus are simple and cheap. If infection occurs, it is vital to get an abundance of rest and liquids; medication is also advised to assist in alleviating pain. The treatments for Zika are straightforward because the disease itself is rather mild. In fact, in most reported cases of the virus in the United States, the illness only lasted approximately two to seven days prior to the first set of symptoms (“World Health Organization”). It is evident that the fear associated with the Zika Virus is slightly exaggerated. Currently, there is only one recorded fatality in the United States that is directly related to Zika (“The Washington Post”). This is mainly because first world countries’ medical programs are advanced enough to effectively treat the virus. The standard of living in these countries are also higher compared to third world countries. That is why Zika has claimed a significant amount of lives worldwide; the poor conditions in these countries make it difficult for infected individuals to get proper

Based on the statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, there are more than 23,000 people in the mainland U.S. and Puerto Rico have contracted the Zika virus. Especially, there are more than 2,000 pregnant women, which is especially troubling because the virus can cause birth defects. The CDC estimates that 20 babies in the mainland U.S. and 1 baby in Puerto Rica have been born with birth defects related to Zika. The Zika virus can cause microcephaly – a condition where a baby's head and brain are undersized and underdeveloped – in as many as 13 percent of babies born to women who get infected while pregnant. It is also linked to several other types of birth defects, and to Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults. As the result, the deal reached in Congress includes $394 million to help control Zika-carrying mosquitoes and another $397 million to help develop a vaccine against the virus and better tests to help diagnose cases of Zika. There is also $66 million allocated to health care for people affected by Zika in Puerto Rico and other U.S.

CDC and WHO categorized ZIKV infection as a global and public health. Zika virus infection is spreading dramatically, and the government must provide funds to control and prevent the disease. Indeed, President Obama and health care agencies support actions directly to the eradication of the Zika virus outbreak. In fact, the director of CDC, Dr. Frieden believe that measures are needed and are crucial because evidence from studies shows that the infection and the severe birth defect related to the disease are growing stronger. According to McCarthy (2016b), the CDC received reports indicating that more than 2900 cases of Zika were in the US territories, primarily in Puerto Rico so in March 2016, Dr. Frieden, decided to request funds from the