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Step by step
Solved in 4 steps
- 1) A) List 15 drugs (monoclonal antibodies can be used) used clinically to treat cancer in humans. These targets must be signal transduction pathway components. B) For each drug, list the specific protein targeted. C) For each drug, describe the efficacy of treatment (i.e. what is the success rate in life extension) as well as appropriate cost of treatment whether it be per round or an average annual cost.5. Explain the signaling steps that take place after the EGF receptor is dimerized, up to the poiunt when Ras gets activated. Draw a schematic to make it easier for your classmates to understand.6. Explain why the RTK signaling pathway includes the extra complication of having a protein (Ras) that switches between GTP- and GDP-bound states. PLEASE ANDWER BOTHHIV could be used to cure Kaposi’s sarcoma bya. causing the cells to express exogenous surface cell markersb. activating genes for the expression of endogenous surface cell markersc. inactivating the patient’s tumor suppressing genesd. inactivating contact inhibition in the celle. inactivating cellular adherence
- Heterotypic interactions of tumor cells have been a fertile area for potential therapeutic interventions. Find a specific example of a drug/therapy that targets these interactions and explain the mechanism by which it treats cancer.Describe the electrochemical immunosensors that works on treating different type of cancer, how it works on patients and how it can be applicable in many different ways in the medical fieldADAM33 metalloproteinase inhibitors are sometimes co-administered with anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies in order to _____. a. block angiogenesis b. inhibit proteasome function in tumor cells c. enhance NK-cell killing by ADCC d. promote differentiation of dendritic cells e. reduce the surface expression of MHC class I on tumor cells.
- State whether the level of each of the following protein in a cancer cell is higher or lower than normal and how is that beneficial to the cancer cell? a. ARF protein b. MDM2 c. caspases d. Fas receptor e. TNF-αThe drug pump activity of Cancer stem cells can be explained by the overexpression of: a. Mdr1 b. Muc2 c. MMR d. CYPsWhich of the following are mechanisms by which cancer drugs work (select all that apply)? A. Inhibit activity of oncogene B. Promote apoptosis C. Promote terminal differentiation of cells D. Inhibit drug transporters E. Promote DNA damage.
- Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample. There are many biomedical engineering based approaches to detect CSCs. 1) What is the importance and advanatge of detecting CSCs? 2) What kind of systems have been developed to detect CSCs? Describe by giving examples.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of general chemotherapy like Etoposide compared to specific inhibition of EGFR.In the light of the mechanisms of signal transduction pathways, how does the: 1. the SARS-COV2 infiltrates cells, using its spike proteins 2. the immune system is alerted and responds 3. immune responses against infected cells can lead to organ failure
