.1.13 Do the odd permutations in S„ form a subgroup of S„? Why?
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- Exercises 19. Find cyclic subgroups of that have three different orders.In Exercises 3 and 4, let G be the octic group D4=e,,2,3,,,, in Example 12 of section 4.1, with its multiplication table requested in Exercise 20 of the same section. Let H be the subgroup e, of the octic group D4. Find the distinct left cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, partition D4 into left cosets of H, and give [D4:H]. Find the distinct right cosets of H in D4, write out their elements, and partition D4 into right cosets of H. Example 12 Using the notational convention described in the preceding paragraph, we shall write out the dihedral group D4 of rigid motions of a square The elements of the group D4 are as follows: 1. the identity mapping e=(1) 2. the counterclockwise rotation =(1,2,3,4) through 900 about the center O 3. the counterclockwise rotation 2=(1,3)(2,4) through 1800 about the center O 4. the counterclockwise rotation 3=(1,4,3,2) through 2700 about the center O 5. the reflection =(1,4)(2,3) about the horizontal line h 6. the reflection =(2,4) about the diagonal d1 7. the reflection =(1,2)(3,4) about the vertical line v 8. the reflection =(1,3) about the diagonal d2. The dihedral group D4=e,,2,3,,,, of rigid motions of the square is also known as the octic group. The multiplication table for D4 is requested in Exercise 20 of this section.In Exercises 3 and 4, let be the octic group in Example 12 of section 4.1, with its multiplication table requested in Exercise 20 of the same section. Let be the subgroup of the octic group . Find the distinct left cosets of in , write out their elements, partition into left cosets of , and give . Find the distinct right cosets of in , write out their elements, and partition into right cosets of . Example 12 Using the notational convention described in the preceding paragraph, we shall write out the dihedral group of rigid motions of a square The elements of the group are as follows: 1. the identity mapping 2. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 3. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 4. the counterclockwise rotation through about the center 5. the reflection about the horizontal line 6. the reflection about the diagonal 7. the reflection about the vertical line 8. the reflection about the diagonal . The dihedral group of rigid motions of the square is also known as the octic group. The multiplication table for is requested in Exercise 20 of this section.
- 11. Find all normal subgroups of the alternating group .12. Find all homomorphic images of each group in Exercise of Section. 18. Let be the group of units as described in Exercise. For each value of, write out the elements of and construct a multiplication table for . a. b. c. d.If a is an element of order m in a group G and ak=e, prove that m divides k.
- In Exercises 1- 9, let be the given group. Write out the elements of a group of permutations that is isomorphic to, and exhibit an isomorphism from to this group. 6. Let be the group of permutations matrices as given in Exercise 35 of section 3.1. Sec A permutation matrix is a matrix that can be obtained from an identity matrix by interchanging the rows one or more times (that is, by permuting the rows). For the permutation matrices are and the five matrices. Given that is a group of order with respect to matrix multiplication, write out a multiplication table for .23. Prove that if and are normal subgroups of such that , then for allWith H and K as in Exercise 18, prove that K is a normal subgroup of HK. Exercise18: If H is a subgroup of G, and K is a normal subgroup of G, prove that HK=KH.
- 22. If and are both normal subgroups of , prove that is a normal subgroup of .Find subgroups H and K of the group S(A) in example 3 of section 3.1 such that HK is not a subgroup of S(A). From Example 3 of section 3.1: A=1,2,3 and S(A) is a set of all permutations defined on A.40. Find subgroups and of the group in example of the section such that the set defined in Exercise is not a subgroup of . From Example of section : andis a set of all permutations defined on . defined in Exercise :