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- 22. A datagram subnet allows routers to drop packets whenever they need to. The probability of a router discarding a packet is p. Consider the case of a source host connected to the source router, which is connected to the destination router, and then to the destination host. If either of the routers discards a packet, the source host eventually times out and tries again. If both host-router and router-router lines are counted as hops, what is the mean number of a. (a) hops a packet makes per transmission? b. (b) transmissions a packet makes? (c) hops required per received packet?22. A datagram subnet allows routers to drop packets whenever they need to. The probability of a router discarding a packet is p. Consider the case of a source host connected to the source router, which is connected to the destination router, and then to the destination host. If either of the routers discards a packet, the source host eventually times out and tries again. If both host-router and router-router lines are counted as hops, what is the mean number of a. (a) hops a packet makes per transmission? b. (b) transmissions a packet makes? c. (c) hops required per received packet?A router with IP address 125.45.23.12 and Ethernet physical address 23:45:AB:4F:67:CD has received a packet for a host destination with IP address 125.11.78.10 and Ethernet phys-ical address AA:BB:A2:4F:67:CD. (I) Show the entries (a, b, c, d, e in Figure 1(a)) in the ARP request packet sent by therouter. Assume no subnetting. (II) The packet made in part (I) is encapsulated in a data link frame. Fill in the fields fand g in Figure 1(a). (III) Show the entries (h, i, j, k, l in Figure 1(b)) in the ARP reply packet sent in responseto part (I). (IV) The packet in part (III) is encapsulated in a data link frame. Fill in the fields m andn.
- 4. A router receives a packet with destination address 196.77.26.206 Show how it finds the network and the subnetwork address to route the packet. Assume the number of subnetworks required is four. Please solve it using the keyboard, not using the hand, and quickly, and I hope that the solution is correct.10. Refer to the exhibit. PC1 issues an ARP request because it needs to send a packet to PC3. In this scenario, what will happen next?P5. Consider a datagram network using 32-bit host addresses. Suppose a router has four links, numbered 0 through 3, and packets are to be forwarded to the link interfaces as follows: (refer to first image) a. Provide a forwarding table that has five entries, uses longest prefix matching, and forwards packets to the correct link interfaces. b. Describe how your forwarding table determines the appropriate link interface for datagrams with destination addresses: (refer to second image)
- Using packet tracer, implement a network that has the following components: 1- At least five routers 2- At least 7 subnets 3- At least 12 PCs 4- At least 4 switches 5- Use RIP routing protocol To assign IP addresses of the routers and PCs, use the IP address from your ID as follows Assume your id is 118zyxw, Consider the numbers z, y, x and w as deciemal You have the subnet 118.0.0.0/24 If your ID is 1181234 then the IP is 118.0.0.0/24 Use this subnet to get at least 7 subnets.55. The problem with unicast delivery is that the : a. memory allocation is difficult b. server must establish a seperate unicast session for each client c. the routers must support unicasting d. the clients must be close to the serverSuppose that Router A and Router B are connected via a 0.05 Mbps link (note, 1 Mbps = 106 bps) and that the link connecting the two routers has a length of 80 meters. Suppose that Router A is in the process oftransmitting a packet, and that there are 15 additional packets in the queue of the router, when a new packet arrives at Router A. Assume the followinga. Every packet consists of 15,000 bits.b. 5000 bits of the currently-being-transmitted packet has been transmitted by Router A when the new packet arrives at Router A. c. Propagation speed of a bit over the link connecting the two routersis 2 ? 103 meters/sec.d. Processing delay of a packet at a router takes 1 millisecond (i.e., 0.001 seconds).What is the total delay of the new packet in arriving at Router B, i.e., how long does it take the new packet to arrive at Router B from the time it arrived at Router A? In your solution, clearly identify all four delay components the new packet experiences.
- Consider a datagram network using 32-bit host addresses, i.e., IP addresses range from 0 to 255. Suppose a router uses longest prefix matching and has the following forwarding table: For each of the four interfaces, please give the associated range of destination host address and the number of addresses in the range.A packet switch receives a packet and determines the outbound link to which the packet should be forwarded. When the packet arrives, one other packet is halfway done being transmitted on this outbound link and four other packets are waiting to be transmitted. Packets are transmitted in order of arrival. Suppose all packets are 1,500 bytes and the link rate is 2 Mbps. What is the queuing delay for the packet? More generally, what is the queuing delay when all packets have length L, the transmission rate is R, x bits of the currently-being-transmitted packet have been transmitted, and n packets are already in the queue?2. Now suppose there are two links between source and destination, with one router connecting the two links. Each link is 5,000 km long. Again suppose the MP3 file is sent as one packet. Suppose there is no congestion, so that the packet is transmitted onto the second link as soon as the router receives the entire packet. What is the end-to-end delay?