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1. List all the apparent competition interactions, using the format "prey 1– shared predator – prey 2" (e.g., fox squirrel - gray fox – gray squirrel) 2. List all the resource competition interactions, using the format "predator 1 – shared prey – predator 2" (e.g., fox squirrel - oak – gray squirrel) 3. List a minimum of ten trophic cascades, using the format "predator - prey - prey...etc." (e.g., gray fox fox squirrel – oak)

1. List all the apparent competition interactions, using the format "prey 1– shared predator – prey 2" (e.g., fox squirrel - gray fox – gray squirrel) 2. List all the resource competition interactions, using the format "predator 1 – shared prey – predator 2" (e.g., fox squirrel - oak – gray squirrel) 3. List a minimum of ten trophic cascades, using the format "predator - prey - prey...etc." (e.g., gray fox fox squirrel – oak)

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Chapter54: Ecosystems And Global Change
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 9TYK: The amount of energy available at the highest trophic level in an ecosystem is determined by: a....
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answer these questions using the food web for the Midwestern oak-maple community (Fig. 1). Explanations of the different types of indirect interactions are provided in Fig. 2. 1. List all the apparent competition interactions, using the format "prey 1 – shared predator - prey 2" (e.g., fox squirrel - gray fox – gray squirrel) 2. List all the resource competition interactions, using the format "predator 1 – shared prey – predator 2" (e.g., fox squirrel - oak – gray squirrel) 3. List a minimum of ten trophic cascades, using the format “predator – prey – prey...etc." (e.g., gray fox - fox squirrel – oak) 4. List all the indirect mutualism interactions, using the format “predator 1 – prey 1 – prey 2 – predator 2" (e.g., gray squirrel – oak – maple – chipmunk)
Transcribed Image Text:answer these questions using the food web for the Midwestern oak-maple community (Fig. 1). Explanations of the different types of indirect interactions are provided in Fig. 2. 1. List all the apparent competition interactions, using the format "prey 1 – shared predator - prey 2" (e.g., fox squirrel - gray fox – gray squirrel) 2. List all the resource competition interactions, using the format "predator 1 – shared prey – predator 2" (e.g., fox squirrel - oak – gray squirrel) 3. List a minimum of ten trophic cascades, using the format “predator – prey – prey...etc." (e.g., gray fox - fox squirrel – oak) 4. List all the indirect mutualism interactions, using the format “predator 1 – prey 1 – prey 2 – predator 2" (e.g., gray squirrel – oak – maple – chipmunk)
Fig. 1: A subset of a simple food web from a typical oak-maple forest ecosystem from Midwest Gray fox Cooper's hawk Red tailed hawk Fox Robin Gray squirrel Chipmunk Vole squirrel Grasshopper Oak Maple Grass Fig. 2: Four types of indirect interactions| 1. Apparent competition: Negative effect of one species on another via"shared predator": (+x(-) = (-) 3. Trophic cascade: The indirect effect of top predator on the lower Gray fox trophic via "intermediate species". Three trophic [(-) x (-)) = (+), four trophic [(-)X(-)X(-)=(-)) FOx squirrel Gray Squirrel Green world Brown world (-) X (-)=(+) (-)X(-)X(-)=(-) Fox squirel Gray Squirrel 4. Indirect mutualism: A positive indirect effect of two predators on each other via distinct prey that compete: (-)X(-X(+)%3D(%) Gray squirrel Chipmunk 2. Resource Competition: Negative effect of one species on another via "shared resource" : (-) x (+) = (-) Oak Oàk Мaple
Transcribed Image Text:Fig. 1: A subset of a simple food web from a typical oak-maple forest ecosystem from Midwest Gray fox Cooper's hawk Red tailed hawk Fox Robin Gray squirrel Chipmunk Vole squirrel Grasshopper Oak Maple Grass Fig. 2: Four types of indirect interactions| 1. Apparent competition: Negative effect of one species on another via"shared predator": (+x(-) = (-) 3. Trophic cascade: The indirect effect of top predator on the lower Gray fox trophic via "intermediate species". Three trophic [(-) x (-)) = (+), four trophic [(-)X(-)X(-)=(-)) FOx squirrel Gray Squirrel Green world Brown world (-) X (-)=(+) (-)X(-)X(-)=(-) Fox squirel Gray Squirrel 4. Indirect mutualism: A positive indirect effect of two predators on each other via distinct prey that compete: (-)X(-X(+)%3D(%) Gray squirrel Chipmunk 2. Resource Competition: Negative effect of one species on another via "shared resource" : (-) x (+) = (-) Oak Oàk Мaple
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