1. List the sequences of events in lytic and lysogenic cycles of viral infections . 2. Which cycle(s) is used by a temperate phage and how does the phage benefit from this life cycle?

Q: When a temperate phage infects a bacteria cell it O immediately undergoes the temperate lifecycle. O…

A: Phages can be either virulent or temperate. Lytic cycle is used for replication by virulent phage.…

Q: Please explain the difference between virus and bacteriophage multiplication. Be detailed.

A: Viruses to multiply, usually need support of the cells they infect. Only in their host´s nucleus can…

Q: 105) The Baltimore classification a. There were 4 classes for DNA families b. There were 6 classes…

A: Baltimore classification: It is based on the fact that the virus synthesizes mRNA for further…

Q: 1. Give the correct term for each of the follow : a. Viruses that contain an enzyme that copies are…

A: The immune system is a defense system of the body against pathogens such as viruses, bacteria which…

Q: In your own words, explain how damage to the host cell's DNA can trigger latent bacteriophage to…

A: DNA:  Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil…

Q: Please explain the mechanism of transposition in the bacteria and virus

A: Transposons (Transposable elements) are a type of mobile genetic element characterized by their DNA…

Q: 1. List and describe the 6 steps in the replication of T4 phage in E. coli

A: Bacteriophages also called “phages” are viruses that infect bacteria. The T4 phage is a member of…

Q: What are the ways by which viruses overcome lack of 5’ cap in their mRNA? (cap snatching, presence…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic agent of infection that is able to replicate only when inside the living…

Q: Although many +ssRNA viruses use their genomr directly as mRNA retroviruses do not. instead their…

A: Retroviruses have a very unique mechanism . They are single stranded RNA viruses, instead of using…

Q: Why are lytic viruses better suited as agents of “phage therapy” thanare lysogenic viruses? How…

A: Phage therapy means the use of phages to cure a particular disease. Phages are the specific virus…

Q: With respect to the replication strategy, what unusual feature does HBV have in common with HIV?

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a Dreadful viral disorder that strikes cells that help the…

Q: Diagram the life cycle for a virus that uses an RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase.

A: Reverse transcriptase, also known as RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, is a DNA polymerase enzyme that…

Q: 1. What impacts might mutations have on the transmission of the virus (COVID-19)? 2. At which stage…

A: COVID-19 is corona virus or we can say it as a respiratory virus which then transmit to severe…

Q: Which protein has the function of making sure that the viral genes can be completely transcribed?…

A: The study of the processes of heritable knowledge in viruses, such as genome structure, replication,…

Q: 73) Provirus is a term to describe a. The empty capsid without the genome in case of viruses with…

A: Provirus is the viral form that is integrated into the host cell DNA and replicate to transmit them…

Q: Describe the classes of viruses based on theirgenomic characteristics. For each class, describe how…

A: Virome is a term used to define the total genome of viral population in a given population. Viral…

Q: 27. Class VI animal viruses include HIV. Based on the type of viral genome, how is this class…

A: Group 6 animal viruses are single-stranded so option A is wrong.

Q: How would you be able to distinguish between a virus that is undergoing a lytic or lysogenic cycle?…

A: A virus is a parasitic organism that cannot replicate on its own. A virus, on the other hand, can…

Q: 91) The NDV virus a. The mesogenic ND is less virulent than lentogenic than NDV b. The antigenomic…

A: NDV virus (Newcastle disease virus) :-

Q: 3. (a). Illustrate and describe the lytic and lysogenic cycles for the production of viruses. (b).…

A: Introduction :  A prokaryotic organism with only one cell is a bacteria. They lack a nucleus and…

Q: 1)Describe the key processes involved in vaccine manufacturing

A: As there are multiple question, So I am solving 1st question for you.

Q: 13) The end product in case of DNA polymerase during the Lumpy skin disease virus replication is :…

A: The lumpy skin disease is caused by the virus capripox and in this disease the cartels get infected.

Q: Draw a diagram of the one-step growth curve ofvirus replication, and briefly explain why the…

A: The bacteria and viruses are totally different from each other. They are different from each other…

Q: 1. Identify the type of chromosome mutation portrayed by the illustrations that follow. The mutation…

A: Please follow step 2 for detailed explanation.

Q: Discuss the characteristics of retroviruses. How do they act? How is their action different from…

A: Retrovirus are virus that has RNA as genetic material. When it infects the cell it first convert RNA…

Q: Many viruses organize their genomes with the non-structural and structural genes clustered together…

A: A Virus is a small electron microscopic parasite, incapable of reproducing by its own, survives by…

Q: 4During the multiplication of a bacteriophage in its host cell, the specific viral growth phase…

A: Viral replication has 7 stages: Attachment Penetration Uncoating Replication Assembly Maturation…

Q: Describe the 5 steps of viral infection process. During the synthesis step, what 2 major cellular…

A: The major steps in viral infection process include attachment where the virus attaches to the…

Q: Coronaviruses have a positive-sense single stranded RNA genome. a.) What is the genome replication…

A: The positive sense single stranded RNA virus can replicate only with the help of host cells. In…

Q: Explain how scientists could have identified the T toxin   2. Name one enzyme which would have…

A: Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium and now used as genetically modified organism to grow the pest…

Q: latent infection by animal viruses is most similar to which of the following events: lytic life…

A: A virus particle only consists of the viral genome enclosed in a protein coat. Enveloped viruses…

Q: 2.  Briefly describe the replication of Adenoviruses, Filoviruses, Picornaviruses, and Retroviruses…

A: To begin the infection cycle, all viruses require interaction between a cell surface molecule called…

Q: 1. Briefly outline the components of the CRISPR/Cas system  2. What is the function of the…

A: The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) are DNA sequences in the…

Q: 6. Give an example of a viral diagnostic method that detects viral nucleic acid and one that detects…

A: Answer--

Q: we can stop the biosynthesis stage of the viral life cycle (not the stages before it) by…

A: The virus life cycle in a host involves few stages: they are: Aattachment of phage to the surface…

Q: How can a productive phage infection not kill a host cell?

A: The productive phage infections doesn't kill a host cell instead they get copied along with the host…

Q: 1. Name the molecule that contributes to the shape of a capsid around a virus?

A: The capsid is basically a protective layer around the viral structure which usually protects the…

Q: Describe in general terms the strategy used by single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses to synthesize their…

A: Viruses are tiny nonliving entities that infect a cell and take over its machinery to grow and…

Q: 4. Describe how plasmids conferring multidrug resistanceto bacteria may have evolved.

A: A plasmid is small circular extrachromosomal materials present in bacterial or protozoan cells which…

Q: a. How are viral envelopes formed? Why are enveloped viruses that infect plants and bacteria rare?…

A: Hi! As you have posted multiple questions, I will be answering the first question for you. If you…

Q: Section three. Match virus biosynthesis term with best description. Not all answers are used.…

A: 51) Phage conversion when a virus infects a bacterial cell, it releases its genetic material into…

Q: Coronavirus

A: coronaviruses  are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the common cold to more…

Q: The number of new viruses released during the viral replication process is known as a. Burst size…

A: Viruses are microscopic infectious agents that invade living host cells and infect their bodies by…

Q: 7. Replication factor C plays which of the following roles in eukaryotic DNA replication? A.…

A: Genetics is a discipline that studies genes, genetic diversity, and inheritance in living things.…

Q: Define the terms "latency" and "lysogeny" as they refer to viruses. Describe at least TWO ways…

A: A virus is a biological agent capable of replicating inside a living host cell. the host cell makes…

Q: If a microorganism cannot be cultivated into pure culture, how will its pathogenicity be established…

A: Pathogenicity is the property by which the disease causing capacity of microorganism is measured. A…

Q: 89) **If the UK variant and the South African variant of the SARS-CoV 2 infected the same cell a.…

A: * The virus which causes respiratory disease called coronavirus disease 19 that is COVID-19. *SARS…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.