1. Problem Description:The total nuclear binding energy is the energy required to split a nucleus of anatom in its component parts: protons and neutrons, or, collectively, the nucleons.It describes how strongly nucleons are bound to each other. When a high amountof energy is needed to separate the nucleons, it means nucleus is very stableand the neutrons and protons are tightly bound to each other.The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) is the number of protons foundin the nucleus of an atom. The sum of the atomic number Z and the number ofneutrons N gives the mass number A of an atom.+ Binding energySeparated nucleons(greater mass)Nucleus(smaller mass)Figure 1: Binding Energy in the NucleusThe approximate nuclear binding energy Eb in million electron volts, of an atomicnucleus with atomic number Z and mass number A is calculated using thefollowing formula:22(А — 22)? , asEb = a,A – azA3 – az- a4-AA3AZwhere, a,15.67, az = 17.23, az = 0.75, a4 = 93.2 , and%3D%3D1Weights: 6% if A is oddif A and Z are both evenif A is even and Z is Odda5 =12.0(-12.0The binding energy per nucleon (BEN) is calculated by dividing the bindingenergy (Eb) by the mass number (A).You are asked to write a program that requests the user for a valid atomicnumber (Z) then goes through all values of A from A = Z to A = 4Z. For example,if the user inputs 5 for Z then A will be all numbers from 5 (Z) to 20 (4 * Z)inclusive, see the example output in figure 2.If the user enters invalid atomic number that is not between 1 and 118, theprogram should give the user another chance to enter a valid input as shown infigure 2.Your main task is to find the nucleus with the highest binding energy per nucleon,which corresponds to the most stable configuration (figure 2), and writes a copyof the table to a text file named output.txt (figure3).In [25]: runfile('/Users/hamzazidoum/Documents/2101/2101_S2021/Programming Assignments/PA4/pa4_nuclear.py', wdir='/Users/hamzazidoum/Documents/2101/2101_S2021/Programming Assignments/PA4')Enter valid atomic number (Z) (1,118]: 0Enter valid atomic number (Z) (1,118]: -120Enter valid atomic number (Z) (1,118]: 200Enter valid atomic number (Z) (1,118]: 5Abindingenergybinding_ energyper Nuc leon5-448.996-226.623-89. 799-37.7718.9.-82.990-3.77847.111-11.856-0.4725.2356.4236.3864.584101164.22870.24555.009131435.9521.794-32.682-78.8252.7660.128-2.179-4.9271516171819-123.453-177.641-229.307-289.143-7.262-9.869-12.06920-14.457The most stable nucleus has a mass number 10Figure 2: Sample run of the program123 456 7 89e5670o

Question

1. Problem Description:The total nuclear binding energy is the energy required to split a nucleus of anatom in its component parts: protons and neutrons, or, collectively, the nucleons.It describes how strongly nucleons are bound to each other. When a high amountof energy is needed to separate the nucleons, it means nucleus is very stableand the neutrons and protons are tightly bound to each other.The atomic number or proton number (symbol Z) is the number of protons foundin the nucleus of an atom. The sum of the atomic number Z and the number ofneutrons N gives the mass number A of an atom.+ Binding energySeparated nucleons(greater mass)Nucleus(smaller mass)Figure 1: Binding Energy in the NucleusThe approximate nuclear binding energy Eb in million electron volts, of an atomicnucleus with atomic number Z and mass number A is calculated using thefollowing formula:22(А — 22)? , asEb = a,A – azA3 – az- a4-AA3AZwhere, a,15.67, az = 17.23, az = 0.75, a4 = 93.2 , and%3D%3D1Weights: 6% if A is oddif A and Z are both evenif A is even and Z is Odda5 =12.0(-12.0The binding energy per nucleon (BEN) is calculated by dividing the bindingenergy (Eb) by the mass number (A).You are asked to write a program that requests the user for a valid atomicnumber (Z) then goes through all values of A from A = Z to A = 4Z. For example,if the user inputs 5 for Z then A will be all numbers from 5 (Z) to 20 (4 * Z)inclusive, see the example output in figure 2.If the user enters invalid atomic number that is not between 1 and 118, theprogram should give the user another chance to enter a valid input as shown infigure 2.Your main task is to find the nucleus with the highest binding energy per nucleon,which corresponds to the most stable configuration (figure 2), and writes a copyof the table to a text file named output.txt (figure3).In [25]: runfile('/Users/hamzazidoum/Documents/2101/2101_S2021/Programming Assignments/PA4/pa4_nuclear.py', wdir='/Users/hamzazidoum/Documents/2101/2101_S2021/Programming Assignments/PA4')>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) (1,118]: 0>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) (1,118]: -120>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) (1,118]: 200>>Enter valid atomic number (Z) (1,118]: 5Abindingenergybinding_ energyper Nuc leon5-448.996-226.623-89. 799-37.7718.9.-82.990-3.77847.111-11.856-0.4725.2356.4236.3864.584101164.22870.24555.009131435.9521.794-32.682-78.8252.7660.128-2.179-4.9271516171819-123.453-177.641-229.307-289.143-7.262-9.869-12.06920-14.457The most stable nucleus has a mass number 10Figure 2: Sample run of the program123 456 7 89e5670o

Accepted Answer

Actually, program is an executable software that runs on a computer.