10- Vast quantities of water circulate through the condensers of large power plants, exiting at temperatures 10 to 15C above the ambient temperature. What possible uses could be made of the condenser cooling water? Does this warm water represent a significant resource? What environmental concerns are associated with cooling water? Discuss.
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- 8.3 A four-effect evaporator is being considered for concentratinga fruit juice that has no appreciable boiling-point elevation.Steam is available at 143.27 kPa, and the boiling point ofthe product in the fourth effect is 45°C. The overall heat-transfer coeffi cients are 3000 W/(m 2 °C) in the fi rst effect,2500W/(m2 °C) in the second effect, 2100W/(m2°C) in thethird effect, and 1800W/(m2°C) in the fourth effect. Calculatethe boiling-point temperatures of the product in the fi rst,second, and third effects. Assume the heating areas in all theeffects are equal to 50m2 each. The mass fl ow rate of steam tothe fi rst effect is 2400kg/h, the feed rate to the fi rst effect of 5%total solids fl uid is 15,000kg/h, the concentrated product fromthe fi rst effect leaves at 6.25% total solids, and the concentrationof product leaving the second effect is 8.82% total solids. Make it in the form of a spreadsheet for solving the example problem no. 8.2 and 8.3A surface condenser serving 50,000 kW steam turbo-generator unit receives exhaust steam at the rate of 196,000 kg/hr. Vacuum in condenser is 702 mmHg. Sea water for cooling enters at 29.5 deg C and leaves at 37.5 deg C. For steam turbine condenser, manufacturers consider 950 Btu/lb of steam turbine condensed as heat given up to cooling water. Calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference.Gases after combustion are discharged from a flue in a facility to the atmosphere at a temperature of250 °C and a flow rate of 25000 m3/h. It is desired to benefit from the heat of this waste gas in heating.There is a site with 40 residences, each with a heating load of approximately 8 kW, located 3 km fromthe facility.1- Determine the substation capacity to be used, taking into account the hot water requirement foreach house on the site.2- Determine the substation inlet/outlet temperature and the heat exchanger water inlet/outlettemperatures. The temperature of the water leaving the heat exchanger is required not to exceed 95° C. The pipeline between the facility and the site is underground pipeline. Determine the requireddata by considering the region where the facility is located, calculate the heat losses in the line andfind the required insulation thickness.3- Calculate the total capacity including losses and determine the required exchanger dimensions. (Can you solve it with the…
- Gases after combustion are discharged from a flue in a facility to the atmosphere at a temperature of 250 °C and a flow rate of 25000 m3/h. It is desired to benefit from the heat of this waste gas in heating. There is a site with 40 residences, each with a heating load of approximately 8 kW, located 3 km from the facility.1- Determine the substation capacity to be used, taking into account the hot water requirement for each house on the site.2- Determine the substation inlet/outlet temperature and the heat exchanger water inlet/outlet temperatures. The temperature of the water leaving the heat exchanger is required not to exceed 95 ° C. The pipeline between the facility and the site is underground pipeline. Determine the required data by considering the region where the facility is located, calculate the heat losses in the line and find the required insulation thickness.3- Calculate the total capacity including losses and determine the required exchanger dimensions. insulation…Gases after combustion are discharged from a flue in a facility to the atmosphere at a temperature of 250 °C and a flow rate of 25000 m3/h. It is desired to benefit from the heat of this waste gas in heating. There is a site with 40 residences, each with a heating load of approximately 8 kW, located 3 km from the facility.1- Determine the substation capacity to be used, taking into account the hot water requirement for each house on the site.2- Determine the substation inlet/outlet temperature and the heat exchanger water inlet/outlet temperatures. The temperature of the water leaving the heat exchanger is required not to exceed 95 ° C. The pipeline between the facility and the site is underground pipeline. Determine the required data by considering the region where the facility is located, calculate the heat losses in the line and find the required insulation thickness.3- Calculate the total capacity including losses and determine the required exchanger dimensions.An Ammonia vapor compression refrigerator has aneffective swept volume of 0.308 m3/min. The condensationand evaporation takes place at 28.9°C and -12.2°C,respectively. There is no undercooling and the gastemperature after compression is 48.9°C. Determine thefollowing.(a) Dryness fraction of vapor entering the compressor(b) Rate of circulation of ammonia in kg/min(c) Rate of extraction of heat in kJ/min(d) Heat rejected in condenser per minute(e) Actual and Theoretical COP
- A surface condenser serving a 50,000 kW steam turbo-generator unit receives exhaust steam at the rate of 196,000 kg/hr. Vacuum in condenser is 702 mmHg. Sea water for cooling enters at 29.5°C and leaves at 37.5°C. For steam turbine condenser, manufacturers consider 950 Btu/lb of steam turbine condensed as heat given up to cooling water. Calculate the logarithmic mean temperature difference.Steam enters the condenser of a steam power plant at a flow rate of 18000 kg/h, a degree of dryness of 0.86 and a pressure of 15 kPa, leaving the condenser as a saturated liquid at the same pressure.A nearby river water is used for the cooling of the condenser.Calculate the water flow rate of the cooler if the water of the river can be heated up to 10°C in order to avoid thermal pollution. (Cp,su=4,18 kj/kgK) (Note: the potential energy change is negligible.)1.) Determine the refrigerant name and chemical formula of R-22 2.) An ice plant produces 20 tons of ice per day at -15oC from water at 25 oC. If miscellaneous losses are 12 % of the freezing and chilling load, calculate the refrigeration capacity of the plant, in TR.
- What are the economical & opetational advantages of different types(water tube boiler & fire tube) of boiler??which one is preferable for a supramax vessel based on economical & operational advantage????A surface condenser serving a 50,000-kW steam turbo-generator unit receives exhaust steam at the rate of 196,000 kg/hr. Vacuum in condenser is 702 mmHg. Sea water SG=1.03 and Cp=0.93 Btu/lb-F is used for cooling enters at 29.5C and leaves at 37.5C. From the steam condenser design, manufacturer consider 950 Btu/lb of steam condensed as heat given up cooling water. Calculate the required quantity of cooling water in m3/s.Design a hydrocooling unit that can cool fruits and vegetables from 30°C to 5°C at a rate of 20,000 kg/h under the following conditions: The unit will be of flood type that will cool the products as they are conveyed into the channel filled with water. The products will be dropped into the channel filled with water at one end and picked up at the other end. The channel can be as wide as 3 m and as high as 90 cm. The water is to be circulated and cooled by the evaporator section of a refrigeration system. The refrigerant temperature inside the coils is to be -2°C, and the water temperature is not to drop below 1°C and not to exceed 6°C. Assuming reasonable values for the average product density, specific heat, and porosity (the fraction of air volume in a box), recommend reasonable values for the quantities related to the thermal aspects of the hydrocooler, including (a) how long the fruits and vegetables need to remain in the channel, (b) the length of the channel, (c) the water…