2. Let G be a group. Pro-

Elements Of Modern Algebra
8th Edition
ISBN:9781285463230
Author:Gilbert, Linda, Jimmie
Publisher:Gilbert, Linda, Jimmie
Chapter3: Groups
Section3.3: Subgroups
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Section 9
Orbits, Cycles, and the Alternating Groups
87
(a * b) * c of the associative property for G under * were written on the wall with a magic marker. What
would a person see when looking at the other side of the wall from the next room in front of yours?
b. Show from the mathematical definition of *' that G' is a group under *'.
52. Let G be a group. Prove that the permutations o,:G → G, where pa(x) = xa for a e G and x e G, do form
a group isomorphic to G.
53. A permutation matrix is one that can be obtained from an identity matrix by reordering its rows. If P is an
n x n permutation matrix and A is anyn x n matrix and C = PA, then C can be obtained from A by making
precisely the same reordering of the rows of A as the reordering of the rows which produced P from I.
a. Show that every finite group of order n is isomorphic to a group consisting of n x n permutation matrices
under matrix multiplication.
b. For each of the four elements e, a, b, and c in the Table 5.11 for the group V, give a specific 4 x 4 matrix
that corresponds to it under such an isomorphism.
SECTION 9 ORBITS, CYCLES, AND THE ALTERNATING GROUPS
Orbits
Each permutation o of a set A determines a natural partition of A into cells with
be A are in the same cell if and only if b = o"(a) for some n e Z
property
that
а,
establish this partition using an appropriate equivalence relation:
For a, b e A, let a ~ b if and only if b = o"(a) for some n e Z.
hy Condition (1) is indeed an equivalence relation.
Transcribed Image Text:Section 9 Orbits, Cycles, and the Alternating Groups 87 (a * b) * c of the associative property for G under * were written on the wall with a magic marker. What would a person see when looking at the other side of the wall from the next room in front of yours? b. Show from the mathematical definition of *' that G' is a group under *'. 52. Let G be a group. Prove that the permutations o,:G → G, where pa(x) = xa for a e G and x e G, do form a group isomorphic to G. 53. A permutation matrix is one that can be obtained from an identity matrix by reordering its rows. If P is an n x n permutation matrix and A is anyn x n matrix and C = PA, then C can be obtained from A by making precisely the same reordering of the rows of A as the reordering of the rows which produced P from I. a. Show that every finite group of order n is isomorphic to a group consisting of n x n permutation matrices under matrix multiplication. b. For each of the four elements e, a, b, and c in the Table 5.11 for the group V, give a specific 4 x 4 matrix that corresponds to it under such an isomorphism. SECTION 9 ORBITS, CYCLES, AND THE ALTERNATING GROUPS Orbits Each permutation o of a set A determines a natural partition of A into cells with be A are in the same cell if and only if b = o"(a) for some n e Z property that а, establish this partition using an appropriate equivalence relation: For a, b e A, let a ~ b if and only if b = o"(a) for some n e Z. hy Condition (1) is indeed an equivalence relation.
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