23. To secure grain refinement and reduce grain size, in heat treatment techniques is obtained at: a. Annealing b. Normalizing c. Hardening d. Tampering e. Curborization f. Quenching 24. The carbon content is from 0.03 to 1.7 percent is: a. Super alloys b. wrought iron c. Steel d. Stainless Steel e. cast iron
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- Are there any procedures to prevent grain growth of heat affected zone (HAZ)?70) The lowest melting point for steel to be taught in the iron carbon phase diagram...A) eutectoidB) monocriticalC) eutecticD) subeutectoidE) peritectic 71) Which is not a surface texture parameter?A) roughnessB) cutting lengthC) arrayD) wavyE) hardness 72) Where do negative ions go in the electrochemical apparatus?A) to solutionB) to the cathodeC) first to the cathode, then to the anodeD) first to the anode, then to the cathodeE) anode2. (a) Nickel-based alloys are used for gas turbine blades in aerospace engines. Briefly discuss the characteristics that make these alloys the choice for this application. (b) Single-crystal technology is applied to nickel alloys that are used as gas turbine blades in aerospace engines. With the aid of sketches describe how a single-crystal casting can be manufactured and explain why a single-crystal casting is likely to have superior creep resistance than a directly-solidified one. (c) Demonstrate the application of the Ten-percent Rule by calculating the approximate tensile strength and elastic modulus in the 0˚ direction of a carbon-fibre reinforced polymer composite if the strength and elastic modulus in the 0˚ single ply are 3620 MPa and 143 GPa respectively. The lay-up sequence of the composite is [02/+45/-45/902]s.
- What is the chemical composition upper limit of carbon for steel?A) 5%B) 0.022%C) 2.11%D) 4.3%E) 0.8% 2- Is it in liquid or semi-liquid state consisting of data and solidifies in a vacuum?A) tattooB) machiningC) pre-cookingD) castingE) turning 4- Which element has the lowest density and lowest atomic weight?A) magnesiumB) hydrogenC) heliumD) aluminumE) argon11.14), specify the na- nure of the final microstructure (in terms of microconstituents present and approximate percentages of each) of a small specimen that has been subjected to the following time-temperature treatments. In each case assume that the specimen begins at 760°C (1400°F) and that it has been held at this temperature long enough to have achieved a complete and homogeneous austenitic structure. (a) Cool rapidly to 700°C (1290°F), hold for 104 s, then quench to room temperature. (b) Reheat the specimen in part a to 700°C (1290°F) for 20 h. (c) Rapidly cool to 600°C (1110°F), hold for 4 s, rapidly cool to 450°C (840°F), hold for 10 s, then quench to room temperature. (d) Cool rapidly to 400°C (750°F), hold for 2 s, then quench to room temperature. (e) Cool rapidly to 400°C (750°F), hold for 20 s, then quench to room temperature. (f) Cool rapidly to 400°C (750°F), hold for 200 s, then quench to room temperature. Rapidly cool to 575°C (1065°F), hold for 20 s, rapidly cool to…At longer annealing times at appropriate temperatures, larger grains consume smaller ones. Summerize with justification if the statement is true or false? Schematics if drawn will be helpful {CLO-1, PLO-1} (10)
- What is a eutectic composition?23/. Differentiate Substitutional and Interstitial solid solutions with a neat diagram.What is the critical value of G to avoid constitutional supercooling for the directional solidification of an Al-Cu alloy, containing 3 wt.% copper, at a rate of 0.05 mm/s? For these alloys, k = 0.14, m = -2.6oC/wt% and D = 3x10-5 cm 2 /s. Here G is the thermal gradient into the liquid phase, k is the partition coefficient of the alloy, and D is the diffusivity of solute in the liquid phase.
- 138) Which one is needed to produce perforated parts using casting technique?a) lower degreeb) high degreec) spadesd) runnere) feeder 139) what is the crystal structure of iron?a) Hexagonal tight-packed structureb) volume-centered cubicc) face-centered cubicd) simple cubice) Ortok141) How is the elastic modulus calculated?A) With the strain rate of strainB) The ratio of shear strength to deformationC) the ratio of strain to strainD) the ratio of tensile strength to strainE) by the ratio of yield strengthBased on the IT diagram for an iron-carbon alloy of eutectoid composition, specify the final microstructure (in terms of microconstituents present and percentages of each) of a specimen subjected to the following time-temperature treatments Cool rapidly to 650oC, hold for 104s then quench Reheat the specimen in (a) to 700oC for 20h Cool rapidly to 400oC hold for 2s then quench to room temp Cool rapidly to 400oC hold for 20s then quench to room temp Cool rapidly to 575oC hold for 20s, cool rapidly to 350oC hold for 100s then quench to room temp.wWucostuons ¢ 1. Differentiate between the following transformations Pearlite, (b) Bainitic (c) Martensitic, based on Diffusion, Temperature range, Nuclei, Kinetics of reaction, Crystallography, Density of dislocation, Surface relief, and Growth rate.