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- Water containing 50 mg/L of monodisperse (uniformly sized) spherical particles of diameter 100 μm flows at a rate of 25 m3/h into a cylindrical tank with a depth of 5 m and a volume of 50 m3. The density of each particle is 2.5 g/cm3. The water temperature is 20 C (density = 1.0 g/cm3, viscosity = 0.01 g/cm-s). The only removal process that influences the particles within the tank is gravitational settling. Determine the outlet concentration (mg/L) of the particles.Waste activated sludge contains 1% dry solids that are 80% volatile. Determine:a. The specific gravity (Ss) of the dry solids.b. The specific gravity (Ssl) of the sludge.c. The volume (m3) of the thickened sludge if 60,000 kg of dry solids is thickened to6% in a gravity belt thickener.A drinking water treatment plant wants to compare the efficacy of three different solid coagulants, Alum [Al(OH)3(s)], Lime (CaCO3(s)), and Ferric Chloride (FeCl3(s)), for removing the phosphate (PO43-) level to 1 mg/L. The following are the equilibrium reactions [and the respective equilibrium constants (or solubility products, Ksp)] that result in phosphate removalfor each solid, the second reaction being more relevant in each case: Alum: Al(OH)3(s) ↔ Al3+ + 3OH- AlPO4(s) ↔ Al3+ + PO43- Ksp = 9.84 x 10-21 Lime: CaCO3(s) ↔ Ca2+ + CO32- Ca3(PO4)2(s) ↔ Ca2+ + PO43- Ksp = 1 x10-27 Ferric Chloride: FeCl3 (s) ↔ Fe3+ + 3Cl- Fe(PO4)(s) ↔ Fe3+ + PO43- Ksp = 1x10-26.4 What concentrations of Fe 3+, Al3+, and Ca2+ will be needed to maintain a phosphate concentration of 1 mg/L? What would be the best choice of solid coagulant for the Drinking Water Treatment Plant?…
- A Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) adsorption laboratory column 10cm in diameter and 3m deep, is found to produce good results in COD removal when operated at a flow of 50L/h. The porosity of the GAC is 0.5 Calculate the following: The application rate in m/h. The residence time, t, in the column. The volumetric flow rate, Vb, in bed volumes per hour, for this residence time. You need to design a GAC system consisting of two columns in series for treating the same water at a rate of 0.5 ML/d. Practical considerations limit the diameter of the columns to 3m. Calculate the minimum required height of the columns.A container of Atrazine (500 g) is dumped into a river 2.3 km upstream of a municipal water intake pipe. The cross-sectional area of the river is 5.7 m2. Assume that the Atrazine is dumped as a point source. If the river flow is 8.25m3/s and the longitudinal dispersion coefficient is 0.1 m2/s, what is the maximum concentration (in ppm) expected at the intake. How spread out (in the direction of flow) is the atrazine at the time the peak concentration occurs at the intake pipe? Assume 2 standard deviations on either side of the peak is a good estimate of spread.Determine Kd for the following compounds in a soil with 0.48% organic carbon. Assume that the organic carbon is the primary sorbent. Benzene TCE
- In wastewater treatment the digestion of sludge produces a useful gas (carbon dioxide and methane), and consumes volatile solids. Assuming steady state conditions, let the feed solids be 4%, of which 60% are volatile solids, and the feed flow rate be 1 m*/s. The gas, methane and carbon dioxide, contains no solids. The supernatant solids are 4%, with 40% being volatile, and the digested sludge is at a solids concentration of 3%, with 60% volatile. Gas Ce=0 Feed sludge C,=4%,Qs =? C, = 4% (60% vol.) (40% volatile) 0O, = 1 m¥sec < _ o _ Cy= 3%,Qo=? (60% volatile ) a3 15 the flow rate of supernatant Q in m*/min:- hala)Aluminum pieces inadvertently collect on the filter. a. If left on the filter, will the percent yield of the alum be reported as too high or as too low? Explain. b. If the aluminum pieces are detected on the filter, what steps would be used to remedy the observation? Explain.5. In water and wastewater treatment processes a filtration device may be used to remove water from the sludge formed by a precipitation reaction. The initial concentration of sludge from a softening reaction is 2 percent (20,000 mg/L) and the volume of sludge is 100 m3. After filtration the sludge solids concentration is 35 percent. Assume that the sludge does not change density during filtration, and that liquid removed from the sludge contains no sludge. Using the mass balance method, determine the volume of sludge after filtration.
- An oil of sp. gr. 0.9 is contained in a vessel. At a point the height of oil is 40 m. Find the corresponding height of water at the point.A small lake with volume 10,000 m3 has a stream flowing into it with flow rate 100 m3/day and a Toluene concentration of 1.0 mg/m3. A factory discharges 5 m3/day into the lake with Toluene concentration of 10 mg/m3 – they want to increase effluent to 50 mg/m3. Toluene decays at a rate of 0.01/day. Assume steady-state and completely mixed (CSTR). a) How would this increase in discharge concentration change the lake concentration? b) Field studies show that the same lake would be better represented by dividing the lake into two cells. The first cell having a volume of 2,500 m3 and the second with 7,500 m3. How does this affect the estimate of concentration leaving the lake? Compare with one-cell model.Assume the factory continues to discharge at 10 mg/m3 into the first cell.c) Why does modeling the lake as multiple cells impact the final concentration leaving the lake? What do you expect might happen to the final concentration leaving the lake if we modeled it as more cells? How would…In the tank of 100 liters of brine containing 50kg totally dissolved salt. Pure water is allowed to run into the tank at the rate of 3 liters per minute. Brine runs out of the tank at rate of 2 liters minute. The instantaneous concentration in the