3. Each of 2 balls is painted black or gold and then placed in an urn. Suppose that each ball is colored black with probability 12, and that these events are independent. (a) Suppose that you obtain information that the gold paint has been used (and thus at least one of the balls is painted gold). Compute the conditional probability that both balls are painted gold. (b) Suppose, now, that the urn tips over and 1 ball falls out. It is painted gold. What is the probability that both balls are gold in this case? Explain.

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