4. In cellular respiration we have learned 3 different instances when the ATP cycle (ATP/ADP + Pi) is involved in a reaction; a) phosphorylation (ATP hydrolysis) b) substrate-level phosphorylation c) oxidative phosphorylation. Explain each type of phosphorylation below (use an example if this helps your explanation), being sure that you briefly describe how REDOX plays a role in each. Finally, give the specific location(s) in the cell where each kind of phosphorylation occurs.

4. In cellular respiration we have learned 3 different instances when the ATP cycle (ATP/ADP + Pi) is involved in a reaction; a) phosphorylation (ATP hydrolysis) b) substrate-level phosphorylation c) oxidative phosphorylation. Explain each type of phosphorylation below (use an example if this helps your explanation), being sure that you briefly describe how REDOX plays a role in each. Finally, give the specific location(s) in the cell where each kind of phosphorylation occurs.

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Description: 4. In cellular respiration we have learned 3 different instances when the ATP cycle (ATP/ADP + Pi) is involvedin a reaction;a) phosphorylation (ATP hydrolysis)b) substrate-level phosphorylationc) oxidative phosphorylation.Explain each type of phosph

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter7: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2TYK

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Which of the following reaction pathways is not part of the second stage of aerobic respiration? a. electron transfer phosphorylation b. acetyl-CoA formation c. Krebs cycle d. glycolysis e. a and d
What is the final acceptor for electrons in cellular respiration? a. oxygen b. ATP c. carbon dioxide d. hydrogen e. water
The reactions of _____ take place within the cytosol of eukaryotic cells. (a) glycolysis (b) oxidation of pyruvate (c) the citric acid cycle (d) chemiosmosis (e) the electron transport chain
7. Why are electron carriers (NAD+/NADH and FAD/FADH2) so important in the process of cellular respiration? a) They deliver electrons to the ETC, which in turn sets up chemiosmosis, where most of the ATP is generated. b) They separate the electrons from the protons so that the protons can be moved out of the mitochondrion. c) NADH and FADH2 are major components of the ETC, so without them, there would be no ETC in the cell. d) The electrons that they carry are able to directly phosphorylate ADP in order to generate the bulk of ATP in the cell. e) They transport protons across the mitochondrial membrane.
4) a)Fill in the blanks: When oxygen is the final energy carrier in the production of ATP, the process is called _________________. When an inorganic molecule is used to drive theoxidation in a cell to produce ATP, the process is called _______________.b)How is energy transferred to proteins in the process called phosphorylation?c) Fill in the blanks: When a molecule is oxidized it has (more/less) _________ electrons than it did before being oxidized. When a molecule is reducedit has (more/less)_________ electrons than it did before being reduced.d) Is NADH is the oxidized or reduced form of NAD+?
3. a) List the three steps of aerobic respiration in which a cell takes a molecule of glucose and produces energy, carbon dioxide and water? b) Photosynthesis is broken down into light reaction and dark reactions: What are the products and reactants of the light reactions? What are the products and reactants of the dark reactions?
1. What would be the effect on ATP production during chemiosmosis and oxidative phorphorylation, if the pH within the inner membrane space of the mitochondrion were decreased, assuming no effect of pH on the structure of proteins in the membrane? 2. What would be the effect on production of ATP from photosynthesis, assuming no effect on enzyme/protein stability, if the pH of the chloroplast stroma were lowered?
1. Where is most of the ATP’s energy stored?A. In the bond between the adenine and phosphate groupsB. In the bond between the first and third phosphate groups.C. In the bond between the first and second phosphate groups.D. In the bond between the second and third phosphate groups. 2. When is energy released from an ATP molecule?A. When one phosphate group is removed by breaking a phosphoanhydride bond in a process called hydrolysis.B. When two phosphate group are removed by breaking a phosphoanhydride bond in a process called hydrolysisC. The addition of a third phosphate group forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP).D. The addition of a second phosphate group forms adenosine diphosphate (ADP). 3. The continual breakdown and regeneration of ATP is known as_______.A. ATP CycleB. Cell CycleC. HydrolysisD. Phosphorylation
1. Imagine you are trying to explain the process of cellular respiration to your friend who is also taking LS7A. You show them the figure below. Provide an explanation for what this figure represents. Be sure to define the terms electron carriers, substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation, and any other terms in the diagram you think your friend would not already know.2. What happens to glucose during the process of glycolysis? Try to relate your explanation to the graph shown below
1) At what point during cellular respiration do the electrons have the most energy? At what point do they have the least energy. (You should describe the molecule that electrons are part of at each of these points) 2) When electrons lose energy, that energy goes somewhere. Where does that energy go to immediately, and where is that energy at the end of cellular respiration. 3) Give an example of potential energy in Cellular Respiration. Give an example of kinetic energy in cellular respiration.
5. a) The cell creates molecules of NADH and FADH2to use in the electron transport chain as they are electron carrier molecules. The electron transfers from these moleculesdrives the movement of what molecule across the mitochondrial membrane?b) What is chemiosmosis?c) How does the cell use chemiosmosis to drive overcome the thermodynamic barrier of bringing phosphates close togehter to create ATP?d) What steps of oxidative phosphorylation are in the cytosol and which are in the mitochondria?e) Cellular respiration can be controlled at the post-translational level. What does this mean, using GLUT as an example? Why is post-translational control of GLUT evolutionarilyadaptive over transcriptional control?f) How does establishment of equillibria of various molecules control metabolic reactions? What are three ways high ATP in the cell control cellular respiration?g) Why are the enzymes controlling the initial steps of various biochemical pathways are targeted by allosteric control?
9 .The energy of electron transport (by the ETC) serves to move protons (hydrogen ions, or H+) to the intermembrane space of the mitochondrion. How does this help the mitochondrion produce ATP? a) This movement of protons sets up the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP synthesis in the mitochondrion. b) The protons pick up electrons from the electron transport chain on their way through the inner mitochondrial membrane c) The protons receive electrons from the NAD+ and FAD that were accepted in glycolysis ad the citric acid cycle d) The protons are transferred to oxygen in an energy-releasing reaction