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- 1. How do animals transport materials inside their bodies?2. What structures are necessary in animal transport?3. State the function of the following components of animal transport: heart, blood and blood vessels.7)Which of the following is the sequence of vessels the blood follows as it circulates? Select one: a. Heart, veins, capillaries, arteries, heart b. Heart, capillaries, arteries, veins, heart c. Heart, veins, arteries, capillaries, heart d.Heart, arteries, capillaries, veins, heart e. Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, heart1. What are the advantage of having a closed circulatory system than an open circulatory system.2. Explain the process of blood circulation in the human body? 3. What is the importance of transport in animals?
- Keeping the mammalian cardiac cycle balanced is/are: a. an AV node between the right atria atrium and right ventricle, which induces a wave of contraction. b. pacemaker cells, which compose the AV node and signal theSA node. c. an insulating layer that isolates the SA node from the rightatrium. d. ion channels in pacemaker cells, which close to depolarizetheir plasma membranes. e. neurogenic stimuli from the nervous system.A characteristic of blood circulation through or to the heart is that: a. the superior vena cava conveys blood to the head. b. the inferior vena cava conveys blood to the right atrium. c. the pulmonary arteries convey blood from the lungs to theleft atrium. d. the pulmonary veins convey blood into the left ventricle. e. the aorta branches into two coronary arteries that conveyblood from heart muscle.1) Evolution of the vertebrate Circulatory system: How has the circulatory system in vertebrates changed from the simplest vertebrate to the most advanced? 2) What do those advancements allow? The most advanced vertebrates have the most complex/fancy organs. What have the advancements of these organs allowed birds and mammals to do those other vertebrates cannot?
- 1. Describe how the heart as a muscle does its job of pumping blood. What happens if the cardiac muscle itself does not get enough blood? Using your knowledge of cardiac circulation, explain the flow of blood through the heart. 2. What would cause Aunt May's weakness and shortness of breath during her sudden attack? 3. What is the job of the coronary arteries? What happens to their ability to do their job if they become narrowed by fatty or mineralized deposits?1) Where specifically in the kidney does the blood get filtered? 2) what structure in the mamalian heart separates the ventricles so there is no mixing of blood?8. We discussed fish, amphibian, and mammalian hearts, but didn’t spend much time on reptiles and birds. Please compare and contrast the anatomy of the heart ina) most reptiles (turtles, snakes, lizards) in terms of number of atria, number of ventricles, total number of chambers, and development of the aorta from aortic arches (left, right, or both). Use a table, not text. Also, include a drawing showing the basic template of dorsal aorta, ventral aorta, and six aortic arches, along with drawings showing the modified patterns of aortic arches in a-d above.
- How can you tell which side of the heart is the ventral surface (the surface closer to your chest)? How many chambers are found in the mammalian heart? List these chambers. Which chambers are the pumping chambers of the heart? Which chambers are the receiving chambers of the heart? How do the walls of the atria compare with the walls of the ventricles and why are they different? Which heart chamber has the thickest muscle wall? Why is it necessary for the chamber in the above question to have a thicker muscle wall? What is the purpose of heart valves? Name & compare the heart valves found between the upper & lower chambers of the right and left sides of the heart.1. The tunica media of blood vessels contain the following structures except _____.A. endothelial cell B. smooth muscle C. elastic fibers D. proteoglycans2. The following describes the tunics of a vein except letter _____.A. tunica media is thinner than arteriesB. tunica adventitia is the thickestC. tunica interna is with fine collagen and elastic fibersD. tunica media is the thickest3. Which of the following is the prominent feature of elastic arteries?A. thick media B. external elastic laminaC. smooth muscle fibers D. thin endothelial layer 4. Which of the following describes an artery?A. round and larger lumen B. without valveC. lumen is large when blood is flowing D. with valve5. These permit easier movement of cells between tissues and blood.A. sinusoid capillaries B. continuous capillariesC. fenestrated capillaries D. metarteriolesSketch a comparison of a human ang pig's heart. Cite its similarities and differences. Label the following: The 4 Chambers The 4 major blood vessels The biscuspid and tricuspid valves The semi-lunar valves