5. The positive sides of using computertechnology...6. The negative sides of using computer technology.....7. According to the author, the future of computersand psychology8. What is the main idea of the text? Computers and psychology in the 20th and 21st centuriesComputers and psychology are related in many different ways. For example, they are related when it comes to thedevelopment of cognitive models of thought processes, the use of computers in the diagnosis and treatment of mentaldisorders, and the evolution of virtual reality.One area in which psychology and computing are linked is through the development of cognitive models of mentalprocesses. As far back as 1935, the Gestalt psychologist, Kofka, established the principle that the brain will solveperceptual problems by reorganizing original data and restructuring it to produce a new understanding or insight'(Gross, 2007). Since then, Gestalt principles have laid the foundations for information processing models for thoughtprocesses, now used in problem-solving computer programs. Since the cognitive revolution in the 1950s - whenresearchers in the field of linguistics and psychology began to adopt the analytical approaches suggested by recentdevelopments in computer science- psychology has been linked directly to computing through the 'computer analogy"which draws a parallel between logical reasoning in humans and digital programming in computers. More recently,research into how the human memory works has produced network models, such as 'parallel distributed processing'(PDP), which are also applicable to computer programming design.Increasingly, with computer imaging programs and computer-generated virtual environments,computers are used both to diagnose and treat mental disorders. Early studies of the brain tendedto be invasive, but, fortunately, developments in computer programming have increased the useof non-invasive methods. Computerized tomography (CT), or computerized axial tomography(CAT), is used to diagnose brain damage and disease. It works by taking a series of X-rays of thebrain from different angles. The computer then converts these images into a 'picture' of the brain.Since the 1990s, a more accurate way of diagnosing brain injury has been available. Positronemission tomography (PET) uses radiation instead of X-rays to supply information about thebrain. A more sophisticated version of PET is SPECT (single-photon/positron emissioncomputerized tomography), which allows the clinical psychologist to focus on abnormalities invery small areas of the brain. An interesting development in the use of computers for thetreatment of mental disorders is in cognitive behavioural therapy. During treatment for anxiety,patients are exposed to virtual reality scenarios, which represent anxiety-producing situations that gradually help patientsFigure 1overcome their fears.Less scientific applications of virtual reality, such as online games and computer-generated artificial worlds, have expanded the boundaries of social interaction andconcepts of personality. At the same time, computer-mediated communication (CMC) inthe form of instant messaging has added a new dimension to traditional counsellingmethods. The creation of virtual environments has encouraged computer users toexperiment with alternative aspects of their personalities and interact with other virtualcharacters in often atypical ways. That is to say, people who would be shy anduncommunicative in their everyday life feel that they can try out new personalities andways of relating to others online. On the positive side, online games can develop problem-solving skills, hand-eye coordination, creativity and novel ways of relating to others. Onthe other hand, it must be said that there is a danger that excessive online gaming can leadto addiction, losing touch with reality and violent behaviour. More widely used forms ofonline communication, such as chat rooms, discussion forums and social networkingcommunities, however, are being effectively used for counselling and therapy, particularlyin cases where face-to-face sessions are impractical for reasons of time or location.Figure 2Psychology and computers have been highly important to each other since the late 1950s. These days, computers are oftenused in the diagnosis of brain damage and mental illness, while online communities offer alternative ways ofcommunicating and relating. In the future, the two sciences are likely to be increasingly interconnected, as technologicaladvances enhance our understanding of the brain and generate new treatments for mental disorders.

Question

5. The positive sides of using computertechnology...6. The negative sides of using computer technology.....7. According to the author, the future of computersand psychology8. What is the main idea of the text? Computers and psychology in the 20th and 21st centuriesComputers and psychology are related in many different ways. For example, they are related when it comes to thedevelopment of cognitive models of thought processes, the use of computers in the diagnosis and treatment of mentaldisorders, and the evolution of virtual reality.One area in which psychology and computing are linked is through the development of cognitive models of mentalprocesses. As far back as 1935, the Gestalt psychologist, Kofka, established the principle that the brain will solveperceptual problems by reorganizing original data and restructuring it to produce a new understanding or insight'(Gross, 2007). Since then, Gestalt principles have laid the foundations for information processing models for thoughtprocesses, now used in problem-solving computer programs. Since the cognitive revolution in the 1950s - whenresearchers in the field of linguistics and psychology began to adopt the analytical approaches suggested by recentdevelopments in computer science- psychology has been linked directly to computing through the 'computer analogy&#34;which draws a parallel between logical reasoning in humans and digital programming in computers. More recently,research into how the human memory works has produced network models, such as 'parallel distributed processing'(PDP), which are also applicable to computer programming design.Increasingly, with computer imaging programs and computer-generated virtual environments,computers are used both to diagnose and treat mental disorders. Early studies of the brain tendedto be invasive, but, fortunately, developments in computer programming have increased the useof non-invasive methods. Computerized tomography (CT), or computerized axial tomography(CAT), is used to diagnose brain damage and disease. It works by taking a series of X-rays of thebrain from different angles. The computer then converts these images into a 'picture' of the brain.Since the 1990s, a more accurate way of diagnosing brain injury has been available. Positronemission tomography (PET) uses radiation instead of X-rays to supply information about thebrain. A more sophisticated version of PET is SPECT (single-photon/positron emissioncomputerized tomography), which allows the clinical psychologist to focus on abnormalities invery small areas of the brain. An interesting development in the use of computers for thetreatment of mental disorders is in cognitive behavioural therapy. During treatment for anxiety,patients are exposed to virtual reality scenarios, which represent anxiety-producing situations that gradually help patientsFigure 1overcome their fears.Less scientific applications of virtual reality, such as online games and computer-generated artificial worlds, have expanded the boundaries of social interaction andconcepts of personality. At the same time, computer-mediated communication (CMC) inthe form of instant messaging has added a new dimension to traditional counsellingmethods. The creation of virtual environments has encouraged computer users toexperiment with alternative aspects of their personalities and interact with other virtualcharacters in often atypical ways. That is to say, people who would be shy anduncommunicative in their everyday life feel that they can try out new personalities andways of relating to others online. On the positive side, online games can develop problem-solving skills, hand-eye coordination, creativity and novel ways of relating to others. Onthe other hand, it must be said that there is a danger that excessive online gaming can leadto addiction, losing touch with reality and violent behaviour. More widely used forms ofonline communication, such as chat rooms, discussion forums and social networkingcommunities, however, are being effectively used for counselling and therapy, particularlyin cases where face-to-face sessions are impractical for reasons of time or location.Figure 2Psychology and computers have been highly important to each other since the late 1950s. These days, computers are oftenused in the diagnosis of brain damage and mental illness, while online communities offer alternative ways ofcommunicating and relating. In the future, the two sciences are likely to be increasingly interconnected, as technologicaladvances enhance our understanding of the brain and generate new treatments for mental disorders.

Accepted Answer

The positive sides of using computer technology as given in the article are as follows:

The…

5. The positive sides of using computer technology... .... 6. The negative sides of using computer technology 7. According to the author, the future of computers and psychology