6. a) Some phages infecting bacteria possess the enzyme the bacterial cell wall, allowing the viral nucleic acid to enter. А) lysozyme B) peptidoglycanase that breaks C) infectase D) holip

Q: What event is required but not sufficient to cause an infectiousdisease?

A: An infectious disease is caused due to host invasion by biological agents. These biological agents…

Q: Which bacteria produce B-lactamase enzyme which is resistant to penicillin and why?

A: Antibiotics are the medicines which are used to cure infections which are caused by bacteria. These…

Q: Why are viruses with lipid-containing envelopes relatively susceptible to certain biocides?

A: Virus  Viruses are the infectious particles that contains either DNA or RNA as a genetic material.

Q: The five stages of the bacteriophage lytic cycle occur in this order:a. penetration, attachment,…

A: A virus is a submicroscopic organism which contains genetic information either in the form of DNA…

Q: What is HIV-protease ?

A: HIV-1 protease (PR) is a retroviral aspartyl protease , an enzyme involved with peptide bond…

Q: How does a retrovirus prepare its genetic material for incorporation into the host cell genome?   a.…

A: Retrovirus enters the host cell through the attachment of their surface proteins. Retrovirus is an…

Q: Which genetic events have allowed Acinetobacter to become so resistant?

A: Microbiology is the study of microorganisms that are invisible to the naked eye. The microorganisms…

Q: Explain how to determine the number of plaque-forming units in a virus sample?

A: There are viruses that infect the bacteria, called bacteriophages. The presence of such viruses can…

Q: What is the virus transmission, the morphology and the family name of the virus that causes…

A: Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.

Q: What is leading to the development of antibiotic-resistance bacteria? Why should we be concerned?

A: WHAT IS THE MEANING OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE BACTERIA ? Antibiotic are drugs designed to kill…

Q: How are bacteria-free phage particles obtained?

A: In the Transduction mechanism, the gene transfer from one bacteria to another occurs through a…

Q: Why are b- lactam antibiotics only bactericidal to growing bacteria?

A: Beta-lactam antibiotics are the antibiotics that are bactericidal, which means they kill bacteria.…

Q: What nucleic acid makes up this viral genome?

A: The virus life cycle divided into six steps that isattachment, penetration, uncoating, gene…

Q: How does the wavelength of light relate to its energy? What are the two main types of viral…

A: The sun is the ultimate source of energy. Sunlight consist of many waves of lights having different…

Q: Can phage kill virus?

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside host cells. They can infect all types…

Q: What is the most chemically resistant non-spore-forming bacterial pathogen?

A: Although specific disinfectants and sterilization techniques are developed against the microbes, a…

Q: Can antibiotic kill virus?

A: Antibiotics can't kill  virus. Antibiotics are medicines which kill bacterial infection.

Q: Why do bacteria that are not genetically resistant to antibiotics die out when exposed to…

A: Bacteria are prokaryotic organisms that have an undefined nucleus and nuclear membrane. Most of the…

Q: How many bacteriophage particles were isolated from a single plaque? Howmany different strains of…

A: Bacteriophages, which are mainly infected bacteria are going through the lytic or the lysogenic…

Q: Should the DNA sequence encoding human pathogens be freely available online? and Why?

A: DNA sequencing is technique which helps in identification of exact sequence of bases (A,C,G and T)…

Q: What are 4 benefits of using bacteriostatic rather than a bactericidal treatment?

A: Bactericidal is the agents or drugs that directly kill the bacteria by disrupting the cell wall or…

Q: What is the significance of the length of a typical viral genome?

A: A virus refers to an infectious particle which can infect a variety of host including humans,…

Q: why are non-enveloped viruses generally more resistant to disinfectants than are enveloped viruses?

A: Viruses are small microscopic organisms usually containing RNA as a genome that is coverd by a…

Q: What does lambda phage do?

A: Bacteriophage is a virus, which infects and replicates within bacteria and archaea. All…

Q: How does the influenza virus spread from animals to humans? How might we reduce the risk?

A: Introduction Influenza is commonly called the flu, It is a viral infection that attacks your…

Q: How might genes, such as those responsible for drug resistance, be transferred between bacterial…

A: According to the question, we have to explain the process by which the genes, responsible for drug…

Q: What are Bacterial Plasmid Vectors ?

A:

Q: How is host cell lysis triggered after bacteriophage invasion? What are the outcomes to bacterial…

A: Bacteriophage is a virus that infects and replicates bacteria and archaea. Bacteriophage comprises…

Q: What is the underlying molecular mechanism of action for the antibiotic novobiocin?

A: Novobiocin is an antibiotic that is obtained from Streptomyces niveus. It is also called cathomycin…

Q: How do i obtain gene sequences from a plasmodium falciparum whole genome sequence?

A: Plasmodium falciparum is a unicellular protozoan that infects human beings and is responsible for…

Q: What causes the viral plaques that appear on a bacterial lawnto stop growing larger?

A: Viruses are microscopic agents that can replicate only inside the host cells. They can infect all…

Q: What is gamma phage?

A: Bacteriophages are the obligate intracellular parasites that can proliferate inside the bacterial…

Q: What is the virus transmission, the morphology and the family name of the virus that causes H5N1?

A: A virus is a small infectious particle that multiplies only inside the living cells. H5N1 is an…

Q: what is Host DNA?

A: The DNA is the genetic material that is passed from one generation to the next generation. It is…

Q: What advantages might a phage gain by being capable of lysogeny?

A: Lysogeny is a process of viral reproduction. It results in the combination of the DNA of the…

Q: What structures on bacterial host cells serve to allow bacteriophage to recognize them? What…

A: Bacteriophage is a type of virus that is composed of a head and tail. The head part contains a…

Q: How does Escherichia coli try to protect itself from phage attack,and how does T4 protect itself…

A: The lytic cycle of the virus replication starts from the attachment of the virus on the surface of…

Q: Why do bacterial viruses often inject their DNA directly into the cell?

A: The bacterial viruses are virus that infects the animal, plant, and unicellular organisms.

Q: What is the virus transmission, morphology, and the family name for the virus that causes smallpox?

A: Smallpox is an infection caused by virus with two variants, namely, Variola minor and Variola major.…

Q: What is required for a bacteriophage T4 virion toattach to an Escherichia coli cell?

A: T4 bacteriophage is the well-studied member of Myoviridae, the most complex family of tailed phages.…

Q: Why does phage T4 need a lysozyme-like protein in order toinfect its host, and what part of T4…

A: Bacteriophages are the viruses that infect and replicate within the bacterial host. They are of two…

Q: Can a bacteriophage infect a human?

A: The micro-organism is the organism that is too small to be seen with the naked eye. It is viewed by…

Q: To infect their specific host cells, viruses go through these chronological steps EXCEPT a.…

A: For infecting host cells, virus uses host cell process to replicate. During the replication of virus…

Q: How long does a bacterial infection last without antibiotics?

A: Most of the bacterial infections are localized and remain in the specific body part without…

Q: If a single bacteriophage infects one E. coli cell present on a lawn of bacteria and, upon lysis,…

A: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. They are made of nucleic acid enclosed within the…

Q: what is the virus transmission, the morphology and the family name of the virus that causes HIV?

A: HIV, that stands for human immunodeficiency virus is the agent that causes AIDS (Acquired…

Reproductive system infection

The biological process through which parents produce new children is called reproduction. A reproductive system is a group of internal and external organs that collaborate to allow males and females to reproduce. Many experts believe that the reproductive system is one of the most important systems in the body due to its crucial function in the survival of the species. Among the body's basic systems, the reproductive tract is the one that differs the most between sexes, and it is also the only one that does not operate until puberty.