64 Chapter 2. Functions, Limits, and Continuity (a) Sketch the surfaces. (b) Give a rigorous argument (not merely based on your pictures) that every pair of point be joined by a curve in X but that the same is not true of Y. 11. Consider the function Th 0-F (2+cos t) cos s -C0 (2+ cos t) sin s 0 S,t<27 sin t (a) Sketch the image, X, of g. *(b) Find an algebraic equation satisfied by all the points of X. SO 12. Consider the function (defined wherever st 1) Fi re 0-B T+15 st-1 S S-t (S t st-1 m 1+S st-1 fr

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.