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- 12. Let be a commutative ring with unity. If prove that is an ideal of.Let R be a commutative ring that does not have a unity. For a fixed aR, prove that the set (a)={na+ra|n,rR} is an ideal of R that contains the element a. (This ideal is called the principal ideal of R that is generated by a. )Exercises If and are two ideals of the ring , prove that is an ideal of .
- 22. Let be a ring with finite number of elements. Show that the characteristic of divides .Show that the ideal is a maximal ideal of .Consider the set S={ [ 0 ],[ 2 ],[ 4 ],[ 6 ],[ 8 ],[ 10 ],[ 12 ],[ 14 ],[ 16 ] }18. Using addition and multiplication as defined in 18, consider the following questions. Is S a ring? If not, give a reason. Is S a commutative ring with unity? If a unity exists, compare the unity in S with the unity in 18. Is S a subring of 18? If not, give a reason. Does S have zero divisors? Which elements of S have multiplicative inverses?
- Assume that each of R and S is a commutative ring with unity and that :RS is an epimorphism from R to S. Let :R[ x ]S[ x ] be defined by, (a0+a1x++anxn)=(a0)+(a1)x++(an)xn Prove that is an epimorphism.Let a0 in the ring of integers . Find b such that ab but (a)=(b).29. Let be the set of Gaussian integers . Let . a. Prove or disprove that is a substring of . b. Prove or disprove that is an ideal of .