9. Consider the linear system dY (a Y dt (a) Find the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues. (b) Suppose a = d < 0. Sketch the phase portrait and compute the general solution. (c) Suppose a = d > 0. Sketch the phase portrait and compute the general solution. II

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Types of Bias

Statistics is the study of data collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation. Statistical bias is a characteristic of a statistical technique or its findings in which the expected value deviates from the actual root quantitative parameter being estimated. According to the actual definition of bias, it refers to the tendency of a statistic to overestimate or underestimate a parameter.