9. Describe the role of phospholipids in the formation of 'phospholipid bilayers'- the ideas of polar/hydrophilic and non-polar/hydrophobic are very important here. What are all the names for the cell membrane? Describe the 'fluid mosaic model'. What is the difference between integral membrane proteins and peripheral membrane proteins? What are some of the roles for these membrane proteins? What is meant by the term 'receptor? Why would Define diffusion. In a membrane, what would be the difference between simple you need pores for diffusion? diffusion and facilitated diffusion? What is meant by the term 'semi-permeable"

9. Describe the role of phospholipids in the formation of 'phospholipid bilayers'- the ideas of polar/hydrophilic and non-polar/hydrophobic are very important here. What are all the names for the cell membrane? Describe the 'fluid mosaic model'. What is the difference between integral membrane proteins and peripheral membrane proteins? What are some of the roles for these membrane proteins? What is meant by the term 'receptor? Why would Define diffusion. In a membrane, what would be the difference between simple you need pores for diffusion? diffusion and facilitated diffusion? What is meant by the term 'semi-permeable"

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter5: Membranes And Transport

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3TYK: The freeze-fracture technique demonstrated: a. that the plasma membrane is a bilayer with individual...

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1. What are the forces that maintain structural integrity of biological membranes and explain how each force mentioned is formed in membrane lipids.
1. Explain in detail how amino acids can be transported across the plasma membrane 2. By using the concept of endomembrane system, explain how plasma membrane involves in the protein synthesis of a cell. 3. With suitable examples, compare the structural and functional differences between a fibrous and globular protein. 4. A person suffers from a skin condition and loss of muscle. A doctor suspects the patient has protein deficiency. Justify why the doctor thinks so.
1. When considering tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes: a. Which ones do not help in resisting mechanical stress and holding cell shape? Why not? b. Considering how the mechanical junctions are placed in the plasma membrane, why don’t they provide a truly sealed barrier?
1. Explain why phosphoglycerides are found in lipid bilayer 2. Enumerate and describe the mechanisms of transport across a membrane
6. A carrot, when dried out, becomes soft. There is a way to make it firm and crisp. Explain how and why, using the following guidelines. a) Draw and label a representative cell of the carrot, in its dried state. Be precise in your drawing. b)Describe the type of extracellular solution that is appropriate to add to make the desired change (name and define what type of solution, the net movements of solvent and solutes, etc.). c)Draw a representative cell of the carrot, in its possible state after the change. Represent the movement of water using an arrow to indicate what has happened.
17. The transition temperature of a membrane bilayer is determined directly or indirectly a. the ability of lipid molecules to be packed together b. whether the fatty acid chains of the lipids are saturated or unsaturated c. the extent to which the fatty acid chains of the lipids contain double bonds d. the length of the fatty acid chains. e. All of the above are correct answers.
1. Which of the following BEST describes the composition of the plasma membrane? a.Double layer of phospholipids, protein, carbohydrate and some cholesterol b.Lipoproteins in which triglycerides are a major component c.Cholesterol, proteins, and a small but significant amount of lipids d.A lipid bilayer formed mainly from cholesterol with protein attached to both sides 2.Which of the following is TRUE about the movement of water across membranes? a.Water migrates to an area of low salt concentration. b.Water migrates to an area with high lipid content c.Water migrates to an area with high salt concentration. d.Water migrates into and out of the cell at equal rates. 3. Which of the following molecules/ material can freely pass through the cell membrane's phospholipids? a.carbon dioxide b.lipids c.oxygen molecule
1. Researchers have discovered a new membrane protein that has three transmembrane domain αhelixes that span the lipid bilayer. a. If the lipid bilayer is 30 Å thick, what is the smallest number of amino acid residues that can be in each α-helixes for them to be long enough to span the bilayer? b. If one of the three α-helixes is titled at a 32° angle relative to an axis perpendicular to the surface of the lipid bilayer, what is the smaller number of amino acid helixes required for that helix to still span the lipid bilayer? c. How many hydrogen bonding interactions would there be in the smallest possible tilted transmembrane α-helix? d. If the tilted α-helix was a 310 helix instead how many amino acid residues would be required to span the lipid bilayer? How many amino acid residues would be required if it was a π-helix?
1)What is the second type of lipid that plays a major role in the plasma membrane? This lipid does not have polar and nonpolar regions (its not amphiphilic) but plays a critical role in membrane permeability. A)Triglycerdies B) Steriod hormones c) cholesterol 2) In _______________, a single substrate/solute move from a high concentration area to a lower concentration are without the aid of any additional molecules. A) Diffusion B)Facilitated diffusion C) Cotransport 3)Channel proteins require a confirmational change in order to properly function. A) Hydrophilic B) ionic C) Polar
1.There are different processes for transport of molecules of ions across cell membranes. Explain briefly each process a. Simples diffusion b. Facilitated diffusion via carrier proteins c. Facilitated diffusion via ion channels d. Primary active transport e. Secondary active transport f. Endocvtosis g. Exocytosis h. Transcytosis 2. List four Physical factors that affect the rate of diffusion and how they will affect it. 3. What kind of molecules can pass through the plasma membrane of the cells through simple diffusion? Give brief discussion. 4. List the three main parts of a cell and explain their functions. 5. Define an organelle. Which organelles are surrounded by a membrane and which are not? 6. What is the key difference between passive and active process? 7. Why RNA transcription can still serve the needs of the cell even if its operation is slow compared to DNA?
1. Generally, prokaryotes, such as bacteria, does not have membrane-bounded organelles. Vacuoles are membrane-bounded organelles. The question is, why do bacteria are said to have vacuoles? Support your answer with scientific/factual information.2. Are lysosomes present in plant cells? Explain your answer with scientific/factual information.3. In your own words, explicitly describe/discuss the endomembrane system.
27. Ions cannot cross directly through a lipid bilayer, yet we know they travel in and out of cells. Which of the following is/are true about how ions diffuse cross membranes? a) They diffuse down their concentration gradients. b) They diffuse through channels formed by integral membrane proteins. c) They diffuse down their electrical gradients. d) a and c e) a, b and c