A 37-year-old patient was hospitalized with the diagnosis "Infectious hepatitis". On examination: intensive icteric colour of the skin and mucous membranes is noted. In the blood is found an increase in indirect bilirubin, the fecal masses are discolored. Questions: 4. Describe the pathogenesis of patient's disorders in the pigment exchange. 5. What changes in hepatic transferase activity and bile acid concentration are characteristic for this pathology,
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- All of the following are gastrointestinal complications postoperatively except a. Diarrhea b. Tympanites c. Nausea and vomiting d. Postoperative ileusThe most significant aspects of diagnosing acute perforation of ulcer disease are: History of ulcer disease Severe pain around the umbilical protuberance, transferred to the right lower abdomen Severe abdominal pain Free air under the diaphragm Abdominal pain relieved several hours later, suggesting disease improvementBriefly discuss the manifestations that are common to both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and then discuss the manifestations that are characteristic of each disease. asap
- Choose the most appropriate drug therapy for gastroesophageal reflux disease and peptic ulcer disease. State the options for combined drug therapy for treating H. Pylori induced gastric ulcers. Recognize appropriate over the counter treatment options for GERD. Choose appropriate drug therapy for the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting. Recommend appropriate therapy for diarrhea and constipation, including over the counter and prescription agents.Case: A 25-year-old Egyptian student who had lived in England for the past 2 years presented with acute haematemesis. Examination revealed marked hepatosplenomegaly. Esophageal and gastric varices were identified at emergency upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, thus confirming the presence of portal hypertension. The following disorders were considered in the differential diagnosis as a possible cause of his portal hypertension: alcoholic cirrhosis, chronic active hepatitis, portal and hepatic venous obstruction and schistosomiasis. Alcoholic liver disease was considered unlikely since he was a teetotaller; ultrasound and computed tomography studies of the porta-hepatic circulation excluded vascular obstruction. A liver biopsy was postponed until his deranged clotting was corrected. The patient has marked raised total serum IgE: 2500kU/l (NR <130). Examination of stool specimens revealed the characteristic ova of S. mansoni and high levels of serum antibodies to S. mansoni were…Define the meaning of the term "peptic ulcer disease". Discuss some of the risk factors that make people susceptible (including factors that protect the mucosa of the stomach/duodenum and those that cause damage to it. ANSWER SHOULD INCLUDE: Accurate definition, e.g. mucosa break greater than 3-5mm in the stomach or duodenum with a visible depth. Discussion of factors e.g. infections (H. Pylori; others mainly in immunocompromised patients, e.g. cytomegalovirus ,tuberculosis, and syphilis), gastric bypass surgery, cigarette smoking, medication/drugs, physiological stress associated with critical illness (e.g. septicaemia), autoimmune diseases, eg, vasculitis, sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease. Discussion of factors e.g. protection: bucarb, blood flow, prostaglandin, mucus. Damage: H. Pylori, gastric acid, pepsin, drugs e.g. NSAID
- Please discuss the common infectious causes of diarrhea. Please highlight the infectious diseases of the stomach and the oral cavity. Use charts to illustrate your discussion points.Male, 50 years old, had undergone subtotal gastrectomy for gastric ulcer 20 years ago. In the recent half a year, he had upper abdominal distension after eating, black stool in the past 2 months, and wasting and fatigue. Physical examination: a 6×5cm mass can be reached under the xiphoid process. The texture is hard and can be pushed, accompanied by light tenderness. The first diagnosis considered is: Ulcer recurrence Postoperative input loop obstruction Output loop obstruction Remnant stomach cancer Gastric emptying disorderA local hospital reports an increase in admissions of toddlers for dehydration secondary to acute gastroenteritis over the past three days to the county health department. As the officer assigned to investigate, what information from the hospital do you want to obtain that will help you identify the cause of the outbreak and institute preventive measures if indicated?
- Explain how each of the following conditions causes anintestinal obstruction: (1) intussusception; (2) adhesion; (3)inguinal herniaA 55-year-old female patient who is positive for MRSA is having laparoscopic cholecystectomy. During the procedure, the surgeon encounters unexpected bleeding from the liver bed and decides to convert to an open cholecystectomy. The surgeon is concerned that the patient might have some postoperative liver inflammation leading to nausea and vomiting. What single medication would the surgeon ask the anesthesia care provider to give intraoperatively to treat this possibility?Mr. Gergin, 45 years old, works as a manager in a company, has a habit of smoking for 20 years. He went to the health institution with complaints of indigestion, distension, burning in the left upper epigastrium and back region; there is a doubt to "PEPTIC ULCER." (10s) Which tests may help to confirm the diagnosis of Peptic Ulcer? What is the leading cause of the peptic ulcer? What are the complications of the peptic ulcer if left untreated? In patient education, what should be recommended to this case? Write four items.