A baseband signal with frequency components from near dc to 15 kHz frequency modulates a 200-kHz carrier, and the frequency deviation is ±3 kHz. The signal is applied as the input to a cascade of two frequency triplers and one frequency doubler. Determine the output (a) center frequency, (b) frequency deviation, and (c) deviation ratio (d)  A VCO has an unmodulated carrier frequency of 100 MHz and sensitivity of −12 kHz#V. Determine the frequency when the input signal is set at 5 V.

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Frequency Modulation

Frequency modulation is a method or process of encoding the data of a specific signal (analog or digital) by modulating the carrier wave frequency according to the frequency of the modulated signal. Modulated signals are nothing more than information or data that should be conveyed after being converted into electronic signals.