A CO 2 9. 8 7 3 D G 15 9 5 F E 1 Given the above weighted graph (undirected): a) Determine and draw a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) of the given graph above. Indicate the minimum weighted sum. No steps required. Students may choose whichever algorithm to find the MST. b) Find the shortest path from source node D to destination node G of the given graph above, using Dijkstra's algorithm. Show your steps with a table as in our course material, clearly indicating the node being selected for processing in each step. c) Draw ONLY the shortest path obtained above, from source node D to destination node G, and indicate its weighted sum. B. 2)

A CO 2 9. 8 7 3 D G 15 9 5 F E 1 Given the above weighted graph (undirected): a) Determine and draw a Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) of the given graph above. Indicate the minimum weighted sum. No steps required. Students may choose whichever algorithm to find the MST. b) Find the shortest path from source node D to destination node G of the given graph above, using Dijkstra's algorithm. Show your steps with a table as in our course material, clearly indicating the node being selected for processing in each step. c) Draw ONLY the shortest path obtained above, from source node D to destination node G, and indicate its weighted sum. B. 2)

Database System Concepts

7th Edition

ISBN:9780078022159

Author:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Publisher:Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1PE

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a) Draw the connected subgraph of the given graph above which contains only four nodes ACGB and is also a minimum spanning tree with these four nodes. What is its weighted sum? Draw the adjacency matrix representation of this subgraph (use boolean matrix with only 0 or 1, to show its adjacency in this case).b) Find the shortest path ONLY from source node D to destination node G of the given graph above, using Dijkstra’s algorithm. Show your steps with a table as in our course material, clearly indicating the node being selected for processing in each step.c) Draw ONLY the shortest path obtained above, and indicate the weight in each edge in the diagram. Also determine the weighted sum
Q1) how many graphs are there on 20 nodes? (To make this question precise, we have to make sure we known what it mean that two graphs are the same . For the purpose of this exercise,we consider the nodes given and labeled,say,asAlice ,Bob,...... The graph consisting of a single edge connecting Alice and Bob is different from the graph consisting of a single edge connecting Eve and frank.) Q2) Formulate the following assertion as a theorem about graphs and prove it :At every party one can find two people who know the same number of other people (like Bob and Eve in our first example).
True or false: For graphs with negative weights, one workaround to be able to use Dijkstra’s algorithm (instead of Bellman-Ford) would be to simply make all edge weights positive; for example, if the most negative weight in a graph is -8, then we can simply add +8 to all weights, compute the shortest path, then decrease all weights by -8 to return to the original graph. Select one: True False
We have the following directed graph G, where the number on each edge is the cost of the edge. 1. Step through Dijkstra’s Algorithm on the graph starting from vertex s, and complete the table below to show what the arrays d and p are at each step of the algorithm. For any vertex x, d[x] stores the current shortest distance from s to x, and p[x] stores the current parent vertex of x. 2. After you complete the table, provide the returned shortest path from s to t and the cost of the path.
please answer both of the questions. 7. The Bellman-Ford algorithm for single-source shortest paths on a graph G(V,E) as discussed in class has a running time of O|V |3, where |V | is the number of vertices in the given graph. However, when the graph is sparse (i.e., |E| << |V |2), then this running time can be improved to O(|V ||E|). Describe how how this can be done.. 8. Let G(V,E) be an undirected graph such that each vertex has an even degree. Design an O(|V |+ |E|) time algorithm to direct the edges of G such that, for each vertex, the outdegree is equal to the indegree. Please give proper explanation and typed answer only.
Giving that, after applying Depth-first search (DFS), the visited nodes are as follows:A-B-E-F-G-C-H-D-I-JAssuming the order of the nodes are in alphabetic order ABC, and the starting node is A1. Draw the graph tree for this problem.2. Visit all the nodes using the Breadth-first search (BFS).3. If the goal is to reach node G from node A, show the solution after applying both BFS andDFS and show which algorithm is faster.
Suppose we want to use UCS and the A* algorithm on the graph below to find the shortest path from node S to node G. Each node is labeled by a capital letter and the value of a heuristic function. Each edge is labeled by the cost to traverse that edge. Perform A*, UCS, and BFS on this graph. Indicate the f, g, and h values of each node for the A*. e.g., S = 0 + 6 = 6 (i.e. S = g(S) + h(S) = f(S)). Additionally, show how the priority queue changes with time. Show the order in which the nodes are visited for BFS and UCS. Show the path found by the A*, UCS, and BFS algorithms on the graph above. Make this example inadmissible by changing the heuristic value at one of the nodes. What node do you choose and what heuristic value do you assign? What would be the A* algorithm solution then.
The algorithm is based on being able to efficiently collapse the vertices of G that belong to the same club of T into a single vertex, remove all loops from the resulting graph, and keep only a minimum-weight edge between any pair of new vertices. Let Gt denote the ''collapsed" version of G right after the tth stage of the algorithm. Stage 0 of the algorithm is defined by setting G0 = G = (V, E) and T = (V, ). The tth stage of the algorithm is defined by the following steps
1. Consider the weighted, directed graph containing the following vertices and edges.(Weights are in the parentheses.)Vertices: {A, B, C, D} Edges: {AB(5), BC(3), CA(4), AD(2), DA(4), CB(3)}a. Starting at vertex C, determine the shortest path tree using Dijkstrab. If you were to apply Floyd-Warshall’s algorithm to this tree, would it include the shortest path tree you found using Dijkstra? Why or why not?c. Starting at vertex C, determine the minimum spanning tree using Prim.d. Would Kruskal’s algorithm always result in the same MST as Prim’s? Why or why not?
Consider the navigation problem shown in Figure 1. The number next to each edge is the cost of the performing the action corresponding to that edge. You start from A and your goal is to get to F. List the order in which nodes are expanded, which nodes are added to the fringe and which states are added to the closed set when performing Graph Search using: breadth-first search. depth-first search. iterative deepening search. uniform cost search
Consider an undirected graph on 8 vertices, with 12 edges given as shown below: Q2.1 Give the result of running Kruskal's algorithm on this edge sequence (specify the order in which the edges are selected). Q2.2 For the same graph, exhibit a cut that certifies that the edge ry is in the minimum spanning tree. Your answer should be in the form E(S, V/S) for some vertex set S. Specifically, you should find S.
Let G = (V, E) be an undirected graph and each edge e ∈ E is associated with a positive weight ℓ(e).For simplicity we assume weights are distinct. Is the following statement true or false? Let P be the shortest path between two nodes s, t. Now, suppose we replace each edge weight ℓ(e) withℓ(e)^2, then P is still a shortest path between s and t.