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Depreciation Methods
The word "depreciation" is defined as an accounting method wherein the cost of tangible assets is spread over its useful life and it usually denotes how much of the assets value has been used up. The depreciation is usually considered as an operating expense. The main reason behind depreciation includes wear and tear of the assets, obsolescence etc.
Depreciation Accounting
In terms of accounting, with the passage of time the value of a fixed asset (like machinery, plants, furniture etc.) goes down over a specific period of time is known as depreciation. Now, the question comes in your mind, why the value of the fixed asset reduces over time.
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- Two capital assets display the following: E(RA) = 12% σA = 1.5% E(RB) = 15% σB = 1.0% If asset A´s return is 5% below the Capital Market Line (CML), and asset B´s return is 1% below the CML, what is the equation of the CML? a) E(Ri) = 0.1203 − 0.02σi b) E(Ri) = 0.09 + 2σi c) E(Ri) = 0.1227 + 0.02σi d) E(Ri) = 0.15 − 2σi e) E(Ri) = 0.14 + 2σiBased on the following information, what is the company's Unlevered FCF for the period: EBIT of $500 mm, tax rate of 20%, Depreciation and Amort of $200 mm, Capex of $250 mm and an investment of $50 mm in Net Working Capital. a. $500 mm b. $300 mm c. $650 mm d. $225 mm Please answer fast i give you upvote.Given below is the information on various sets of investments. Asset Holding Period Return (HPR) Holding Period (%) Unit Trust- ABP 28 3.5 years RK Share 17 1 year Real Estate 11 9 months MAR Bonds 19 2.8 years MNF Share -2 3 months Calculate the annualised holding period returns for each asset. Based on your calculation of annualised holding period returns in (i) above, which asset would be the best choice for investment? Why?
- Suppose an asset has a first cost of $8,000,a life of five years, a salvage value of $2,000 atthe end of five years, and a net annual before-taxrevenue of $2,500. The firm’s marginal tax rate is35%. The asset will be depreciated by three-yearMACRS.(a) Using the generalized cash flow approach, determine the cash flow after taxes.(b) Rework part (a), assuming that the entire investment would be financed by a bank loan at aninterest rate of 9%.(c) Given a choice between the financing methodsof parts (a) and (b), show calculations to justifyyour choice of which is the better one at an interest rate of 9%.Assume the returns from holding an asset are normally distributed. Also assume the average annual return for holding the asset a period of time was 15.3 percent and the standard deviation of this asset for the period was 33.2 percent. Use the NORMDIST function in Excel® to answer the following questions. a. What is the approximate probability that your money will double in value in a single year? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 3 decimal places, e.g., 32.161.) b. What is the approximate probability that your money will triple in value in a single year? (Do not round intermediate calculations and enter your answer as a percent rounded to 8 decimal places, e.g., 32.16161616.)The following information related to a real estate asset investment that is fully financed using REITS equityProject costs:Land. Ksh 300000Buildings. Ksh 2500000Total costs. Ksh 2800000Operating data:Initial rent Ksh 522100Growth in rent. 8% per yearVacancy rate. 6% of gross rentOther income. 1% of gross rentOperating expenses. 16% of gross rent for one yearGrowth in expenses. 7% per yearGrowth in resale price. 6%Selling expenses. 5% of resale priceDepreciation (straight line 27.5 years, mid-month convention Put at service at beginning of the year)Holding period. 5 yearsMarginal tax rate. 30%Capital gains tax rate. 15%Depreciation recovery tax rate. 25%Estimated sale price. Ksh 3747032Selling expenses. Ksh 187352 Required:a). Operating cash flows for the first 5 yearsb). After tax cash flows from the sale of propertyc). Net present value assuming cost of capital of 15%d). What are the factors that will be considered before investing in the asset
- Given the initial investment in a factory processing equipment as Ghc500,037. Let the opportunity cost of capital for the industry be 10% p.a. Assuming that the equipment is capable of generating an after-tax returns of Ghc115,000 for the first 5 years and Ghc65000 for the 6th year and Ghc53400 for the 7th year. a. Find the Net Present Value (NPV) b. Determine the Internal Rate of Return c. Identify three ways in which the Net Present value is superior to the Internal Rate ofFinancial assets management decision-making often involves determination of the Present Value (PV) of the flow of money over time. If a monetary PV is given by: PV = Gt/(1+m)t (i) Identify and explain each of the variables: G, m, and t. (ii) Explain how an increase in m would impact the PV of this financial asset. (iii) Find how much would be required to generate a PV of 890, over a 5 years period, at a constant annual interest rate of 4 percent.nternal Rate of Return Method The internal rate of return method is used by Testerman Construction Co. in analyzing a capital expenditure proposal that involves an investment of $49,332 and annual net cash flows of $12,000 for each of the six years of its useful life. Present Value of an Annuity of $1 at Compound Interest Year 6% 10% 12% 15% 20% 1 0.943 0.909 0.893 0.870 0.833 2 1.833 1.736 1.690 1.626 1.528 3 2.673 2.487 2.402 2.283 2.106 4 3.465 3.170 3.037 2.855 2.589 5 4.212 3.791 3.605 3.352 2.991 6 4.917 4.355 4.111 3.784 3.326 7 5.582 4.868 4.564 4.160 3.605 8 6.210 5.335 4.968 4.487 3.837 9 6.802 5.759 5.328 4.772 4.031 10 7.360 6.145 5.650 5.019 4.192 a. Determine a present value factor for an annuity of $1 which can be used in determining the internal rate of return. If required, round your answer to three decimal places.fill in the blank 1 b. Using the factor determined in part (a) and the present value of an annuity of $1 table above, determine…
- The internal rate of return method is used by Queen Bros. Construction Co. in analyzing a capital expenditure proposal that involves an investment of $234,327 and annual net cash flows of $57,000 for each of the 6 years of its useful life. Present Value of an Annuity of $1 at Compound Interest Year 6% 10% 12% 15% 20% 1 0.943 0.909 0.893 0.870 0.833 2 1.833 1.736 1.690 1.626 1.528 3 2.673 2.487 2.402 2.283 2.106 4 3.465 3.170 3.037 2.855 2.589 5 4.212 3.791 3.605 3.352 2.991 6 4.917 4.355 4.111 3.784 3.326 7 5.582 4.868 4.564 4.160 3.605 8 6.210 5.335 4.968 4.487 3.837 9 6.802 5.759 5.328 4.772 4.031 10 7.360 6.145 5.650 5.019 4.192 a. Determine a present value factor for an annuity of $1, which can be used in determining the internal rate of return. If required, round your answer to three decimal places. b. Using the factor determined in part (a) and the present value of an annuity of $1 table above, determine the internal rate of return for the proposal.A property produces a first year NOI of $300,000 which is expected to grow by 3% annually. If the hold period is 3 years, what is the expected sales price based on a terminal capitalization rate of 9% applied to the 4th year NOI? a)3000000 b)3500000 c)3536333 d)3642423A project capitalized for P 50,000 in depreciable assets will earn a uniform annual income of P 19,849 in 10 yrs. The costs for operation and maintenance total P 9,000 each year. If the company expects its capital to earn 12% before income taxes, is the investment worthwhile? Use ROR, annual worth and present worth methods in justifying the investment.