# A password generator creates a 10-character case-sensitive alphanumeric (a-zA-Z0-9) password keyed by pseudo-random number generator that has deterministic output based on a 32-bit seed (e.g., a 32-bit integer) provided by the user. How many passwords are possible? If it takes .0001 seconds to check a password, what will the average length of time be for a successful brute force attack?
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Please answer both questions, exactly with explanation:
# A password generator creates a 10-character case-sensitive alphanumeric (a-zA-Z0-9) password keyed by pseudo-random number generator that has deterministic output based on a 32-bit seed (e.g., a 32-bit integer) provided by the user.
- How many passwords are possible?
- If it takes .0001 seconds to check a password, what will the average length of time be for a successful brute force attack?
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- Your task is to design automated solvers for the shift and Vigenere ciphers. You must use C as the under- lying programming language, in order to get prepared for the following labs. Each solver should be completely automated, i.e., upon reading a text ,l.e. containing the target ciphertext (given as command-line argument), it should print the encryption key and the decrypted plaintext without any user interaction. Test your code on the following ciphertexts, and answer these questions: 1. What is the key of the cipher? 2. What is the decrypted plaintext?Shift Cipher - Decrypt the following ciphertext:…Suppose you’re consulting for a bank that’s concerned about fraud detection, and they come to youwith the following problem. They have a collection of n bank cards that they’ve confiscated, suspectingthem of being used in fraud. Each bank card is a small plastic object, containing a magnetic stripe withsome encrypted data, and it corresponds to a unique account in the bank. Each account can have manybank cards corresponding to it, and we’ll say that two bank cards are equivalent if they correspond to thesame account.It’s very difficult to read the account number off a bank card directly, but the bank has a high-tech “equivalence tester” that takes two bank cards and, after performing some computations, determines whether theyare equivalent.Their question is the following: among the collection of n cards, is there a set of more than n/2 of themthat are all equivalent to one another? Assume that the only feasible operations you can do with the cardsare to pick two of them and plug them…For each part, describe whether the following information is easier to remember or difficult to remember, give a proper justification? Similarly, for each part show whether this information is in correct format and also give proper justification that how the following information can increase short term memory? ANY OUC HUNKT HESEL ETTE RSIN TOWO RDSO NLY C Issabrinagoingtogetanewiosphone 1962001199503221879219402010
- CRYPTOGRAPHY.In this problem we will work through a round of DES. For notational simplicity, assume it is the first round. Please enter all answers as strings of 0's and 1's. The input is the 64 bit block 00000000000000100000000000000010000001000000010001000000000000000000000000000010000000000000001000000100000001000100000000000000 Suppose that the subkey for the current round is this 48 bit number: 000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000 What does the 64 bit state look like after the IP transformation is applied to the input? Now find L0L0 and R0R0, the left and right halves of the state.L0=L0= R0=R0= What is the result of applying the expansion box to R0R0? E(R0)=E(R0)= What is the result of XORing the subkey with E(R0)E(R0)? k1⊕E(R0)=k1⊕E(R0)= We now apply the S-box transformation. S(k1⊕E(R0))=S(k1⊕E(R0))= Finally we apply the permutation box to complete the function ff. f(R0)=P(S(k1⊕E(R0)))=f(R0)=P(S(k1⊕E(R0)))= We…The Lingala Language of Republic of Congo has 35 letters. Consider an Affine cipher, which encrypts each letter according to the rule: C=(p×k1+k2) mod 35. Here C, p, k1, and k2 are each members in the range 0 to 34, where C represents the ciphertext letter, p the plaintext letter, and k1 and k2 are constant keys. How many possible keys does this affine system have? Explain in details.Answer questions (a) and (b) below: (a) How many times exactly is the code block below executed? For (i = 1, n) { For (j = 1, i) { For (k = 1, j) { code block } } } Hint: You have to start with n=1, then make assumption what you make expect for any given n = N, and check if the formula you found works for n =N+1. This is what we call prove by induction. (b) What is the theta value of this code segment?
- The ROT-13 algorithm encrypts a string one character at a time by adding 13 to the value of the internal representation of the character. We want our encryption scheme to cover the entire printable ASCII range. After examining the ASCII character set and their internal representations, we see that characters 0 through 32 and character 127 are control characters. Technically, characters 32 (space) and 127 (DEL) are printable, but we don’t want to include them in our encryption routine. Therefore, we want our encrypted string to only contain characters in the range of 33 through 126. As an example: Plaintext: Norwich Ciphertext: [|!&vpu The internal representation of ‘N’ is 78. 78 plus 13 is 91, which is the character ‘[‘. The internal representation of ‘o’ is 111. 111 plus 13 is 124, which is the character ‘|’. The internal representation of ‘r’ is 114. 114 plus 13 is 127. Since 126 is our maximum value for our desired printable range, we…kindly do it ASAP Write a code to implement the combination of RSA and AES algorithms. In your implementation, first the RSA will be used to encrypt the secret key for sending from Alice to Bob. On the other hand, the AES will be used for encryption and decryption of long messages between the Alice and Bob. Remember in such type of combination, first the Bob will generate its public and private keys and share its public key with the Alice. The Alice encrypt the short message (secret key for communicating the long messages) using RSA and send it to the Bob. Then Bob decrypts the short message (secret key for communicating the long messages) using its private key and found the short message (secret key for communicating long messages). After that both Alice and Bob use this same secret key for the encryption and decryption of long messages.An old encryption system uses 20-bit keys. A cryptanalyst, who wants to brute-force attack the encryption system, is working on a computer system with a performance rate N keys per second. a- How many possible keys will be available in the above encryption system? b- What will be the maximum number of keys per second (N) that the computer system is working with, if the amount of time needed to brute-force all the possible keys was 512 milli seconds? Show you detailed calculations.
- write a program in python as implementation of decryption of affine cipher. output should be:encrypted message is:....decrypted message is:..... plaint text: cryptologya coefficient: 3b coefficient: 1Please write a program that performs Cipher Block Chaining encryption and decryption with either AES or DES in either Python or C code language. I know this is not very easy so I will post it multiple times for you to get multiple points on the same answer! thanks!above question : Suppose that we have the following 128-bit AES key, given in hexadecimalrepresentation:54 77 6F 20 4F 6E 65 20 4E 69 6E 65 20 54 77 6F Construct the round key for the first round. Main Question: Complete the first round of the encryption (128-bit AES) of the following plaintext by using the round-key you generated above:63 72 79 70 74 61 6e 61 6c 79 73 69 73 6f 6e 65