A patient that has never had chickenpox or the vaccine

Q: Virus-induced Immunosuppression

A: Immune system-mediated destruction of virus-infected dendritic cells results in generalized immune…

Q: Ten ways the human body fight against infections

A: All in all, your body battles infection by keeping things out of your body that are unfamiliar. Your…

Q: Mutations occurring in B cells within the germinal center:

A: Germinal centers are sites within secondary lymphoid organs (lymph nodes and spleen)  -…

Q: The process by which a B cell with the appropriate antibody selection antibiotic deletion clonal…

A: When an antigen reacts with specific receptors and B and T cell and allow to divide continuously in…

Q: ocedures of each virus inactivation and removal in vaccine production to

A: To ensure the safety of vaccines that are given to humans intravenously, it is important to remove…

Q: A summary of what HIV does to the body

A: Viruses are the tiniest of all the microbes. they're called as to be thus tiny that 5 hundred…

Q: Three ways HIV can affect the body

A: It is a virus that attacks the body's immune system.  If HIV is not treated , it can lead to AIDS.

Q: Give some pros and cons of exposing children to chickenpox to infectthem and provide subsequent…

A: The body has immune system and a variety of defense mechanisms to prevent and fight off infections.…

Q: Why Factor D among complement protein is not a Zymogen.

A: Factor D is a protein encoded by gene CFD. It takes part in alternative pathway of complement…

Q: organ in the immune system that has the same fucntion as the fabricous bourse

A: Organs in which blood cell/ immune cell - produce and mature - known as primary/central lymphoid…

Q: A 50-word "Es-say" on what you learned about common communicable diseases in the Philippines.

A: Some of the common communicable diseases in the Philippines are:  Acute Respiratory Infection.Acute…

Q: What type of worm causes this condition?

A: Parasites are defined as the organisms that survive in or on a host, obtaining nutrition and harming…

Q: Both vaccine and colostrum produce immunity. Name type of immunity produced by these.

A: Immunity refers to every mechanism of the body that helps to protect the body from harmful foreign…

Q: Can you catch chickenpox or shingles from a person with shingles?

A: Varicella (Chickenpox) is caused by a varicella-roster virus (VZV). Like measles VZV can enter the…

Q: Fill in the blank :  The _______________________ is the largest of the lymphatic organs.

A: The lymphatic system is a net of tissues and organs that aids rid the body of waste, another…

Q: Which of the following is NOT part of the first line of defense? fever

A: The many defensive categories of the innate immune system do not work individually, rather they are…

Q: Which vaccine did paul offitt help develop along with merk?  HPv chickenpox Rotavirus  shingles

A: The encounter with antigen activates the immune system and results in the production of specific…

Q: Fetomaternal outcomes of women with Rhesus iso- immunization.

A: Immunization is the process that involves immunizing a person with an antigen that is absent. Human…

Q: Explain this statement: One acquires chickenpox from others, but one acquires shingles from oneself.

A: Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral disease common in children. It is caused by…

Q: Which of the formed elements arise from myeloid stemcells?a. B cellsb. natural killer cellsc.…

A: Stem cells are defined as precursor cells that have the potency to self-renew and to generate…

Q: the lacteal lymphoid tissue located in spleen stomach intestine liver O O O

A: Lacteals are lymphatic capillaries that absorb and transport big molecules, fats, and lipids,…

Q: A brief narrative of the importance of regular handwashing to prevent communicable diseases.

A: Communicable diseases can be described as the type of diseases that spread easily from one person to…

Q: The name of two major categories of vaccines and then the subcategories under each.

A: A vaccination is a biological preparation that delivers "active acquired immunity" for a specific…

Q: The reasons of presence microcytic . hypochromic anemia are Iron deficiency Hb defeciency Defect…

A: Microcytic Hypochromic Anemia is characterized by smaller RBCs with pale colour ,as a result of less…

Q: why it is important to report communicable diseases, adverse drug reactions, and infectious diseases…

A: Coronaviruses (CoV) are a big viral family. They can cause everything from typical colds to serious…

Q: why this statement false Lymphoid follicles are present only in the spleen and lymph nodes.

A: In vertebrates have lymphoid tissues, which are necessary for adaptive immunity. Lymphoid tissues…

Q: Blood Which Has: Blood Type(s) Antigen A only Antigen B only Antigen A and B No Antigen A or B

A: Blood is classified into different groups according to whether certain substances are present or…

Q: How legislation  is used to reduced the incidence of Aids?   A conclusion looking at futire trends…

A: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disease which is caused in humans by a virus called HIV…

Q: A vaccine against HIV

A: A vaccine against HIV prevents opportunistic infections i.e. option 4 is correct.

Q: Which influenza vaccination could provide a stronger immune response ima patients that is 65 years…

A: The influenza vaccine often called the flu shots protects against these viruses and can be given…

Q: Trends and statistics: connection between HBV and HIV

A: HBV and HIV both are blood borne viruses transmitted usually through sexual contact or blood,…

Q: How virus vaccine, under immune system processes (via dendritic cells, T-Cells and B-Cells), can…

A: Viruses are infectious organisms that are neither considered living or nonliving due to the fact…

Q: halt the life cycle of HIV and retard the progression from being HIV+ into AIDS

A: DNA/RNA is made up of polynucleotides. Each nucleotide consist of pentose sugar [deoxyribose sugar],…

Q: The bubo of bubonic plague is a/ana. ulcer where the flea bite occurredb. granuloma in the skinc.…

A: Bacteria are member of a large group of unicellular microorganisms. Bacteria have cell walls but…

Q: Which leukocytes become mast cells when they migrate via diapedesis into the tiss

A: Leucocytes, also referred to as white blood cells, are an important part of the body's fight against…

Q: Which is more immunogenic BSA in Freund’s complete adjuvant BSA in Freund’s incomplete adjuvant

A: Adjuvant are used to prolong the presence of antigen.

Q: Specificity of the New Rapid test For HIV Sensitivity of the New Rapid test For HIV Positive…

A: Interpretations of test: Specificity: it tells about those who don't have the disease.  Sensitivity:…

Q: Importance of vaccine

A: Vaccination is the act of administration of a vaccine to help the immune system to produce immunity…

Q: Role of antigen presenting cells and cytokines in fighting off infection.

A: An antigen is macromolecule that responds with cells of the immune system. Not all antigens incite a…

Q: Tonsils are the first line of defens

A: Tonsils' primary purpose is to trap germs (bacteria and viruses) that you may inhale. Antibodies…

Q: Symptoms of HIV infection and it's progression to AIDS

A: A virus that damages the immune system is HIV. There is no cure for it at present, but medications…

Q: Fetomaternal outcomes of women with Rhesus iso- immunization in a Ghana.

A: Fetomaternal - something that is associated with both fetus and mother.

Q: A patient is affected by the cold virus. Symtpoms worsen at the beginning by after 4 days, the…

A: Cell mediated immunity Virus - infected or virally transformed cells acivates strong cell mediated…

Q: Why this statement false Infection has no influence on the rate of hematopoiesis.

A: Hematopoiesis is a process by which the body produces blood cells and blood plasma which ensures…

Q: Pair the words in column A with the correct word in column B through one stretch (one stretch per…

A: Antibody belongs to the substance which act against the specific antigen . As antigens are present…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.