A population of 500 individuals has 231 homozygous dominant individuals, 218 heterozygotes, and 51 homozygous recessive individuals. Determine the frequency of the recessive genotype and frequency of the recessive allele, respectively. a. Frequency of Recessive Genotype Frequency of Recessive Alleles 0.32 0.10 b. Frequency of Recessive Genotype Frequency of Recessive Alleles 0.10 0.32 c. Frequency of Recessive Genotype Frequency of Recessive Alleles 0.90 0.10 d. Frequency of Recessive Genotype Frequency of Recessive Alleles 0.68 0.32
Gene Flow
Gene flow, also known as gene migration, is the introduction of genetic material from a particular population to another population of the same species through interbreeding. For example, a bee facilitates its reproductive process by carrying pollen from one flower to another. The flow alters the composition of the gene pool of the receiving population. It introduces new alleles within the population and helps increase variability. This exchange of genetic material occurs through reproduction and brings about new combinations of traits into the population. Where human beings are concerned, actual migration of populations, whether voluntary or forced, brings about gene flow.
Population Biology
Population biology is the study of patterns in organism populations, specifically the growth and management of population size, population genetics, the evolution of life history, species interactions, and demography.
Speciation
The process of speciation involves the formation of new species during evolution. The new species evolve in such a way that both new and old species are not able to interbreed. Thus, speciation occurs when few members of one species get separated from the main species due to geographical, mechanical, or reproductive isolation. These separated members develop new traits that make them different from the main species. In other words, speciation could be defined as the absence of gene flow between two populations that become new species.
Allele Fixation
A gene is a unit of heredity and contains both physical and functional information that shapes an individual. Genes are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which carry genetic information from one generation to another, from one set of parents to their offspring, and so on. Every cell in a human body, or any living organism, has the same DNA, which implies that every cell in an individual’s body has all the information it needs to build and sustain the body!
Determine the frequency of the recessive genotype and frequency of the recessive allele, respectively.
| Frequency of Recessive Genotype | Frequency of Recessive Alleles |
|---|---|
| 0.32 | 0.10 |
| Frequency of Recessive Genotype | Frequency of Recessive Alleles |
|---|---|
| 0.10 | 0.32 |
| Frequency of Recessive Genotype | Frequency of Recessive Alleles |
|---|---|
| 0.90 | 0.10 |
| Frequency of Recessive Genotype | Frequency of Recessive Alleles |
|---|---|
| 0.68 | 0.32 |
2)A rabbit warren has 300 individuals. The coat colour of rabbits is expressed through incomplete dominance. The coat colour can be dark brown, light brown, or white.
There are 81 dark brown rabbits, 150 light brown rabbits, and 69 white rabbits. Assume that all of the conditions are met for a population in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.
What is the light brown genotype frequency, the white
| Genotype of Light Brown Rabbits | Phenotype of White Rabbits | Dark Brown Allele Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.77 |
| Genotype of Light Brown Rabbits | Phenotype of White Rabbits | Dark Brown Allele Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| 0.27 | 0.48 | 0.52 |
| Genotype of Light Brown Rabbits | Phenotype of White Rabbits | Dark Brown Allele Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| 0.27 | 0.23 | 0.77 |
| Genotype of Light Brown Rabbits | Phenotype of White Rabbits | Dark Brown Allele Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| 0.50 | 0.23 | 0.52 |
3)Sickle Cell Anemia is caused by an abnormal form of haemoglobin, the part of the red blood cell that carries oxygen around the body. The red blood cells become stiff and block blood vessels, causing pain and damage and quickly destroying blood cells, leading to anemia.
It is estimated that approximately 1 in 32 000 people in Canada are affected with sickle cell anemia.
The disorder occurs when a person inherits two recessive genes for the condition. What are the frequencies of the recessive disease allele and the dominant normal allele in the population's gene pool?
| Recessive Allele | Dominant Allele |
|---|---|
| 0.00313% | 99.9% |
| Recessive Allele | Dominant Allele |
|---|---|
| 0.559% | 99.4% |
| Recessive Allele | Dominant Allele |
|---|---|
| 0.313% | 99.7% |
| Recessive Allele | Dominant Allele |
|---|---|
| 5.59% | 94.4% |
4)In horses, tobiano is a white spotting pattern. The tobiano allele (T) is dominant over the non-tobiano (t) allele. In an ideal horse population exhibiting Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, 350 horses out of 465 are non-tobiano.
a. Calculate the number of homozygous dominant tobiano horses. Answer
b. Calculate the number of heterozygous horses. Answer
c. Calculate the number of tobiano horses in the population. Answer
Express your answer rounded to the nearest whole number.
5)The zebra fish is a very popular aquarium pet fish that is known to be hardy, attractive, and able to survive well in groups.
Wild type zebra fish have blue–purple horizontal stripes that run from gill to tail, with a silver–gold body.
An alternative form of the zebra fish results from a mutation that causes a homozygous recessive red-colour fish.
| No | The allele frequency has changed. |
| Yes | The allele frequency has changed. |
| No | The allele frequency has remained the same. |
| Yes | The allele frequency has remained the same. |
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