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A RISC processor has 152 total registers, with 12 designated as global registers. The 10 register windows each have 6 input

Systems Architecture

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305080195

Author:Stephen D. Burd

Publisher:Stephen D. Burd

Chapter4: Processor Technology And Architecture

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 2PE: If a microprocessor has a cycle time of 0.5 nanoseconds, what’s the processor clock rate? If the...

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Concept explainers

Properties of different architectures

Software architectures are the blueprint of a software system. They consist of all components involved in a system, relations between various components, the environment of operation, and the principle used in designing the software. In other words, software architecture shows the organization of different software structures and helps understand their behavior.

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A RISC processor has 152 total registers, with 12 designated as
global registers. The 10 register windows each have 6 input
registers and 6 output registers. How many local registers are in
each register window set?

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Processor R is a 64-bit RISC processor with a 2 GHz clock rate. The average instruction requires one cycle to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Processor C is a CISC processor with a 1.8 GHz clock rate. The average simple instruction requires one cycle to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. The average complex instruction requires two cycles to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Processor R can’t directly implement the complex processing instructions of Processor C. Executing an equivalent set of simple instructions requires an average of three cycles to complete, assuming zero wait state memory accesses. Program S contains nothing but simple instructions. Program C executes 70% simple instructions and 30% complex instructions. Which processor will execute program S more quickly? Which processor will execute program C more quickly? At what percentage of complex instructions will the performance of the two processors be equal?
A RISC processor has 152 total registers, with 12 designated as global registers. The 10 register windows each have 6 input registers and 6 output registers. How many local registers are in each register window set?
A RISC processor has 186 total registers, with 18 globals. There are 12 register windows, each with 10 locals. How many input/output registers are in each register window?
A RISC processor has 8 global registers and 10 register windows. Each window has 4 input registers, 8 local registers, and 4 output registers. How many total registers are in this CPU? (Hint: Remember, because of the circular nature of the windows, the output registers of the last window are shared as the input registers of the first window.)
A RISC instruction pipeline has five stages with propagation delays of 20 ns, 25 ns, 20ns, 70 ns, and 40 ns, respectively. What is the clock period? If a non-pipelined CPU can process an instruction in 160 ns, what is the actual steady-state speedup of the pipeline?
Why is it that a RISC central processing unit (CPU) is easier to pipeline than a CISC CPU?
Assume a RISC processor takes two microseconds to execute each instruction and an I/O device can wait at most 1 millisecond before its interrupt is serviced. What is the maximum number of instructions that can be executed with interrupts disabled?
Assume that a RISC processor executes each instruction in 2 microseconds and that an I/O device can only wait for 1 millisecond before its interrupt is handled. What is the maximum number of instructions that may be performed when interruptions are disabled?
Assume an I/O device may only wait for an interrupt to be handled for up to 1 millisecond, and that a RISC processor executes each instruction in 2 microseconds. There is a hard limit on the number of instructions that may be executed with interruptions deactivated.
Assume that a RISC processor executes each instruction in two microseconds and that an I/O device can wait no more than one millisecond before its interrupt is handled. How many instructions can be performed with interruptions disabled?
When compared to a CISC CPU, why is a RISC CPU easier to pipeline?
Assume that a RISC processor executes each instruction in 2 microseconds and that an I/O device can wait no more than 1 millisecond for an interrupt to be handled. There is a limit on the number of instructions that may be executed with interrupts deactivated.