A sand cone test has been performed in a compacted fill performed on a soil sample. The test results were as follows: Initial mass of sand cone apparatus w/ sand -------------- 5.912 kg Final mass of sand cone apparatus w/ sand --------------- 2.378 kg Mass of soil recovered from hole ----------------------------- 2.883 kg Moisture content of soil from hole --------------------------- 7% Density of sand ---------------------------------------------------- 1300 kg/cu.m Volume of cone below valve------------------------------------ 1.114 x10 -3 cu.m Max. dry unit weight ---------------------------------------------- 19KN/cu.m   Compute: The moist unit weight The dry unit weight The relative compaction

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Consolidation parameters

Consolidation is the process of expulsion of pore water present in the voids of soil solids under the pressure of the applied load. This is a quick process in the case of coarse-grained soils since the permeability is high due to the presence of more voids, while it is a slow and gradual process in the case of clayey soil as the permeability of clay is less. An example of consolidation is the settlement of soil under a building due to the load coming from the building.