(a) State two advantages of cephalisation (b) Outline the advancement features of reptiles that enabled themcompletely addapt tolife on land (c) Describe the characteristic features of vertebrates that sets them apart as a unique group of animals

Q: Define about Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus and also differentiate between Homo habilus and…

A: Step 1 Human ancestry can be traced to Dryopithecus and Ramapithecus which lived on earth about 15…

Q: Amniotes are descended most closely from which of the following groups O reptiliomorphs O…

A: Amniotes is the clade used to include tetrapod animals like reptiles, birds and mammals. They lay…

Q: Mammals belong to a group of amniotes known as  synapsids. Three major lineages of mammals had…

A: embryonic development in mammals :  the embryo develops by cell division and cell differentiation.…

Q: Only eight species of lobe-finned fishes are alive today, remnants of a group that flourished in the…

A: The Devonian Period occurred from 416 million to 358 million years ago. It was the fourth period of…

Q: Amniotes are divided into three groups based on their skull mor-phologies. What are these three…

A: Amniotes are organisms whose animals have embryos that develop in amnion and chorionic and has an…

Q: List four differences between protostomes and deuterostomes.

A: In the living world, we see a large number of microorganisms, animals and plants. These organisms…

Q: A coelom (Gr. koilos, cavity) is a body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm; the band of…

A: Deutrosomes in the greek mean second mouth. It makes a nephrozoa clade with protostomia clade. They…

Q: Protostomes- which animals are typical and what do these words mean? 1. Acoelomate 2. Pseudocoemate…

A: The word "protostome" comes from the Greek words "proto," meaning "first," and "stoma," meaning…

Q: Explain the significance of the discovery of Archaeopteryx.Why did this fossil demonstrate beyond…

A: Generally, birds are specialised group of vertebrates which have evolved from reptiles during…

Q: Describe the discoveries of living coelacanths. What is the evolution-ary significance of the group…

A: Evolution is a natural process that includes several changes over many generations in the…

Q: Describe three innovations that distinguish mammals from cartilaginous fishes (see Fig. 32.2).

A: Mammals and cartilaginous fishes belong to the subphylum vertebrata of phylum chordata.

Q: 1. Define the following                a. Operculum                b. Spine                c.…

A: Trematodes are parasitic flatworms that reproduce through sexual or asexual mode but both take place…

Q: Aside from the molecular evidences, what morphological and physiological features of both the…

A: Rotifers are free-living animals usually smaller than 1 mm that possess a characteristic wheel organ…

Q: Is a cartilaginous skeleton a homolgy between early gnathostomes and cyclostomes due to their shared…

A: Gnathostomata is a class of jawed vertebrates and consists of around 60000 species of vertebrates.…

Q: How usefull is the study of the nature of body cavaty and coelum in the classification of animals?

A: The taxonomic classification of living beings with the level of complexity is called as hierarchy.…

Q: 2. Name four ways in which external anatomy of bony fish are adapted to their watery environment

A: Aquatic adaptations are modifications or adjustments in an organism's behavior, physiology, or…

Q: The fossil cephalopod has a calcareous shell and a squid-like body that would extend out of the…

A: Anatomy is the branch of biology that deals with the study of the structure of organisms and their…

Q: name and describe the two main lineages within the protostome animals?

A: The kingdom Animalia breaks down into two subkingdoms, Parazoa and Eumetazoa. Parazoa includes…

Q: . Recognize the general structural and functional features ofkidneys that are common to all…

A: All vertebrates have kidneys as a common organ for excretion. Like humans, the kidneys in most…

Q: Identify and elaborate or briefly define the special features (or unique organ/s) of each of the…

A: Introduction: Phylum echinoderm includes animals with an endoskeleton of calcareous ossicles. They…

Q: All Gnathostomes have: I) mineralized teeth II) lung derivatives II) vertebrae O A. I & II B. I &…

A: Gnathostomes belongs to kindom- animalia, phylum- chordata. includes both cartilaginous & bony…

Q: Which of the following correctly describes the cleavage pattern in reptiles, birds, and fish?…

A: Cleavage is the process of cell division in the developing embryo following fertilisation in…

Q: Animal phylogenies based on molecular and

A: 1) Phylogenetic trees basically reconstructed from different genes in the same organism. However it…

Q: Embryo above pictured here is a/an O A. blastula O B. gastrula O C. planula O D. zygote

A: Human embryonic development refers to the development of embryo. It involves the process of cell…

Q: In the animal kingdom today, poikilotherms outnumberhomeotherms by a great margin. Why is…

A: Homeotherms are subclass of endotherms animals that primarily produce their own heat through…

Q: Describe the development of the notochord. Include the terms primitive pit, notochordal process,…

A: The Notochord is a cartilaginous skeleton that supports the body in the form of a rod. It is found…

Q: Compared to amphibianswhat is an example ofevolutionary novelty presentin beings of the class…

A: Amphibians are the organisms that live on both land and water. The adult amphibians use both lungs…

Q: In 1798, a stuffed platypus specimen was delivered tothe British Museum. Reports that it laid eggs…

A: Amniotes are described as the vertebrates that have a tendnecy to develop embryo in the amnion.…

Q: Which is not a feature of the Arthropoda? O most diverse lineage on the planet O compound eyes but…

A: An arthropod is an invertebrate animal having an exoskeleton, a segmented body, and paired jointed…

Q: Protostomes and deuterostomes typically differ in

A: Protostomes are clade of animals containing phyla including the arthropods,annelids and…

Q: Question: All members of Chordata have true vertebrae.   True or False?

A: Animalia is the most advanced and complex kingdom among all the other kingdoms. The body has tissue…

Q: Describe embryonic gastrulation in protostomes vs. Deuterostomes

A: Protostomes:  The clade of animals originally thought to be characterised by the formation of the…

Q: examine the morphology and anatomy of starfish.  Notice the ossicles and plates that constitute…

A:

Q: Lateral undulation is a type of locomotion used by many basal Chordates, but it is used by derived…

A: Option 1 is correct because all living crocodilians are aquatic and they swim with lateral…

Q: EVOLUTION CONNECTION Evolution in insects and vertebrateshas involved the repeated duplication of…

A: Segmentation is the process where there is repetition of segments. Segmentation helps the organism…

Q: wo key differences between the australopithecines and members of genus Homo

A: Introduction Australopithecus:- It is a genus of early hominins that existed in Africa during the…

Q: Explain how protostomes are distinguished from deuterostomes.

A: Organisms based on their embryonic development can be classified into Protostomes and deuterostomes.…

Q: Enumerate at least 3 unique features of cephalopods that identified them as active predators.…

A: Cephalopods "can change color faster than cats." These flexible mollusks are active swimmers who can…

Q: n what ways is the dogfish skeleton not a good example of the primitive vertebrate condition?

A:

Q: Describe how metamorphosis changes the structures involved in gas exchange over the life cycle of…

A: Amphibians are defined as the animals that belong to the class of cold-blooded vertebrates. These…

Q: Distinguish the Skelton of reptiles in Chelonia and Squamata.

A: The animal kingdom is divided into several phyla for their diverse properties. Every phylum also…

Q: Describe the evolution of mammals, tracing their synapsid lineage from early amniote ancestors to…

A: An animal that is characterized by the presence of mammary glands (mostly in females and sometimes…

Q: Mammals belong to a group of amniotes known as synapsids. Three major lineages of mammals had…

A: Mammals These organisms belong to the amniotes in which the embryo grow within protective…

Q: Craniata includes animals within Chordata that have a skull.   True or False?

A: Animals can be grouped into chordates and non-chordates. The chordates have a backbone or notochord.…

Q: How different are reptilesand birds concerning themaintenance of bodytemperature? Are birds rare…

A: Birds belongs to the class Aves, phylum Chordata. The birds are the warm-blooded vertebrates…

Q: Compare and contrast the anatomical organizationof sponges and cnidarians. How do these…

A: both of these organisms shows simple organization ,sponges have multiple cell types while cnidarians…

Marine Evolution

Marine habitat is less explored, and hence, its biological diversity is far less known. The marine habitats are not constant due to their shifting nature, while the terrestrial habitats are more stable. Marine biology is the science that deals with the study of diverse marine species, their interactions, and behavioral characteristics.