a) Which TWO substances are specifically diagnostic for a bladder bacterial infection? b) Urinary Dipstix tests are performed repeatedly over several days in a person with the chronic condition of renal filtration membrane damage. Which TWO dipstix results are most likely seen in this scenario?

Q: Explain how a respiratory infection such aspneumonia can aggravate the effects of uremia?

A: The lungs and kidneys work together for maintaining the acid-base balance within the body. The upper…

Q: What urinary test could possibly diagnose a Chlamydia infection resulting in pyuria? What can…

A: 1. The urinary test used for detecting chlamydia infection is clean catch urine test. After…

Q: Name the antibiotics that we use in urine infection along with the dose.

A: A urinary tract infection occurs in the urinary tract. The infections are typically caused by…

Q: What features of urinary system help to prevent colonization by microbes?

A: The Human Body has specialized systems for performing various vital functions of the body. One of…

Q: Why is it important to get a sample for a urinalysis before initiation of antibiotics?

A: Urinary tract infection:  It is the infection of the urinary system including kidneys, bladder,…

Q: What is Maple syrup urine disease? Explain very briefly.

A: Maple syrup urine is a metabolic genetic disorder that occur due to deficiency of an enzyme complex…

Q: How can catheterization lead to bladder infection?

A: In urinary catheterization, a latex, polyurethane, or silicone tube is known as a urinary catheter…

Q: How would the analysis of the type of kidney stone help determine the cause of the kidney stones?

A: Kidneys function to remove wastes and fluids from the blood to produce urine. When the wastes in the…

Q: Why are urinary tract infections involving the urethra and urinary bladder more common in the…

A: The urinary system, also called renal system functions to remove waste, regulate blood volume, blood…

Q: Which part of the filtration membrane prevents red blood cells from entering the capsular space?

A: Filtration membrane:             A glomerular capillary that comprises of leaky barrier and the…

Q: What is the expulsion of loose watery unformed stools

A: Loose watery stools can be due to diarrhea caused by bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella), virus such as…

Q: Urinalysis showed albumin, bacteria,white cell and pus. Why are these findings important and how…

A: "Urine infection" is defined as an infection that infects any component of the urine system,…

Q: What is the nursing intervention for Acute renal failure secondary to leptospirosis and it's…

A: Leptospirosis A condition that leads to blood infection and results from bacteria named Leptospira.…

Q: What are signs and symptoms that may indicate cystitis?

A: Cystitis is a medical term and it refers to the inflammation of bladder.  The inflammation is…

Q: What is proteinuria? Whyis proteinuria a sign ofglomerular renal injury?

A: Any infection that occurs in the urinary tract is known as urinary tract infection. The urinary…

Q: Proteus mirabilis produces the enzyme grease, which converts urea into ammonia. Explain why patients…

A: Proteus is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The genus of Proteus comprises of motile,…

Q: why are urine culture described as semiquantitative?

A: Urine culture is a method of culturing the uropathogens such as E. coli, Candida spp. (yeast) etc in…

Q: What is cystitis? Why do women suffer from cyctitis more frequently than men?

A: Cystitis is a lower unirary tract infection. It refers specifically to the inflammation of the…

Q: What are the chemical processes involved and chemical substances involved in the Biuret Test and…

A: A urinalysis is a test for urine.It is used to detect and manage a wide range of disorders, such as…

Q: Using terminology from this section’s “Guide to Terminology,” define urethritis, endotoxemia,…

A: Disease is an abnormal condition of the human body in which a specific structure or function is…

Q: How can renal failure affect pathologic calcification?What is the relation between parasitism and…

A: Pathological calcification means the deposition and accumulation of calcium phosphate salt in those…

Q: What structural feature allows the spread of a urethral infection to other parts of the urinary…

A: In women, the urethra is a small tube that is around 1.5 inches in length. In males, however, it is…

Q: Which has more biomedical importance, Biuret Test or Urinalysis? Explain

A: Clinical tests are performed to assess the composition of the body fluids. The results of the tests…

Q: List at least 5 stains used to enhance the urinary sediment in urinalysis. Provide their action and…

A: Urinalysis  It is a test of the urine to detect and manage various disorders. It checks the…

Q: The electrophoretic pattern shown in the following densitometric tracing most likely indicates…

A: The densitometric tracing also called the protein electrophoresis is a quantitative analysis wherein…

Q: What diseases (at least 5) can be diagnosed by urinalysis? How can these diseases be detected?

A: It is a pathological test used to detect wide range of disorder. It is done to check  To diagnose…

Q: What is polycystic kidney disease (PKD)?

A: Polycystic kidney disease(PKD) It is a disorder in which major portion of the renal parenchyma is…

Q: Why are women predisposed to cystitis?

A: Cystitis comes under the category of Urinary tract infection(UTI) in which inflammation of bladder…

Q: List two typical complications of urinary tract obstruction, and briefly describe them.

A: A obstruction in one or both of the tubes (ureters) which transport urine from the kidneys to the…

Q: In hemodialysis, which substances diffuse out of the blood and into the dialysate (the solution used…

A: Hemodialysis is a process of purifying blood. It is carried out in people whose kidneys do not…

Q: What is the normal habitat for pyelonephritis ? Provide an explanation for its recovery from urine.

A: Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection which is mainly caused by Gram Negative bacteria such as E…

Q: Repeated dipstick test results show chronically high levels ofbothurinary blood andprotein. What…

A: Blood in the urine is caused by the abundance of RBC in the urinary tract due to kidney problems or…

Q: What is maple syrup urine disease? explain briefly.

A: Leucine, valine and isoleucine are branched chain amino acid.

Q: A client with chronic renal failure on hemodialysisis having extensive dental work performed.…

A: Chronic renal failure is a disease of the kidney which is also known as chronic kidney failure. In…

Q: potential problems that could occur if one does not adhere to the treatment prescribed for cystitis?

A: Cystitis is lower urinary tract infection commonly known as inflammation of the bladder wall. It is…

Q: What immune mechanisms are operative in glomerulonephritis?

A: Glomerulonephritis is minor inflammation in the glomerulus. It may be acute or chronic. It also…

Q: some of the more serious complications that can be caused by untreated urinary tract infections ?

A: A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in any part of your urinary system your kidneys,…

Q: Write down the Similarities and dissimilarities of Urinary tract infection (UTI) management in man…

A: UTI means urinary tract infection in which infection of urinary tract like kidney, urethra, bladder…