According to optimal foraging theory... organisms will have a tendency to select the smallest prey available if they are common, rather than exert more energy in capturing predators will always maximize their rate of energy gain when they forage for more than 1 prey type. an organism can gain unlimited resources if it invests more energy into increasing its food intake. a predator will include prey with high handling times in their diet as long as their energy of rate intake increases

According to optimal foraging theory... organisms will have a tendency to select the smallest prey available if they are common, rather than exert more energy in capturing predators will always maximize their rate of energy gain when they forage for more than 1 prey type. an organism can gain unlimited resources if it invests more energy into increasing its food intake. a predator will include prey with high handling times in their diet as long as their energy of rate intake increases

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter53: Population Interactions And Community Ecology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYK

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Optimal foraging theory can make predictions about an animal’s food choice. Which of the following is the most accurate statement about optimal diet breadth as resource quality, handling time and distribution changes? As handling time increases, animals should specialize As the distance between resources increases, animals should generalize As the energy content of the resources increases, animals should generalize As the distance between patches increases, animals should stay longer in a patch The following diagrams show four distribution patterns of resources. Each circle represents one unit of a resource, say, a food item. For which of these distributions would the Marginal Value Theorem be useful for making predictions about optimal foraging behavior. (Shown in image)
Optimal foraging theory suggest that a predator selects among possible prey based on their relative profitability (energy gained per unit of energy expended). Do you think that predator directly evaluate the profitability of potential prey items before selecting or rejecting them ? If not, how mighta foraging strategy evolve ?
According to optimal foraging theory a. individuals minimize energy intake per unit of time. b. energy content of a food item is the only determinant of a forager’s food choice. c. time taken to capture a food item is the only determinant of a forager’s food choice. d. a higher energy item might be less valuable than a lower energy item if it takes too much time to capture the larger item.
As described by the Optimal Foraging Theory, and animals feeding behavior should maximize ________ and minimize ________. (Fill in the blanks) Group of answer choices energy obtained, social interactions energy expended, energy obtained energy obtained, energy expended social interactions, energy obtained
Old People e = 100 calories λ = 10 per night h = 2 hours Middle Aged People e = 400 calories λ = 20 per night h = 5 hours Young Adults e = 300 calories λ = 10 per night h = 2.5 hours Suppose that the organism need 1000 calories per night. - Which food item should the organism prefer, and which ones would you expect them to eat on a regular basis? Explain why and show calculations. - Explain marginal value theorem, and how it might relate to an organisms foraging decisions. - λ for Old People should increase in the coming years. How could that affect this organisms feeding on humans?
If the rate of some process is governed by the abundance of prey individuals, we say that it is prey-dependent. Give some examples of prey-dependent processes.
Great white sharks prefer marine mammals like seals but can eat a number of other prey items, including birds and fish. According to the table below, what is the critical search time for seals, above which great white sharks should choose to eat an albatross if they encounter one? Prey item: seal (energy = 60 Mcals, handling time = 5 minutes) Prey item: albatross (energy = 10 Mcals, handling time = 2 minutes)
Because resources are limited, natural selection will favor organisms that acquire the most food and resources while expending the least energy, an idea called the optimal foraging theory. This theory is paired with another that more specifically explains patch movement and foraging behavior, which is named the marginal value theorem. true or false
Suppose that hares are the only prey and food supply of bobcats, and that the predator‒prey interaction follows Lotka‒Volterra dynamics. The mortality rate of bobcats in the absence of rabbits is 0.1 per month. The intrinsic growth rate of rabbits in the absence of predators is 0.2 per month. The attack efficiency of bobcats is 0.004. The efficiency at which hare biomass is converted into bobcat biomass is 0.25. If there are 60 bobcats and 400 hares, the instantaneous rate of change in the hare population will be a ____________ per month, and the instantaneous rate of change in the bobcat population will be a ____________ per month. A. loss of 16 hares; loss of 6 bobcats B. loss of 16 hares; gain of 18 bobcats C. gain of 16 hares; gain of 6 bobcats D. gain of 80 hares; gain of 24 bobcats E. loss of 96 hares; gain of 6 bobcats
Draw and label graphs (including zero-growth isoclines) showing the predicted behavior of the Lotka-Volterra predator/prey equations if we assume prey growth follows and exponential growth model. Show how the graphs would change of the prey follow a logistic growth model.
Do the following two hypothesis supports their graphs? Explain. Figure 1: The hypothesis for novice vs. experienced foraging is that animals who have been foraging for ages should have a greater chance of survival than beginner foragers since they are more skilled and invest less time looking for food. Figure 2: The hypothesis behind the impact of Prey camouflage is that if animals, especially novice foragers, take too much time searching, they are visible to predators for long durations, providing a better chance to attack.
Interpret the following graphs: In the graphs, the number of days are 18.. 1 day is equal to 60 sec. For the first graph, days are taken on x-axis. The mean foraging times are taken on y-axis. For the 2nd graph, percentage of prey caught during first half of winter(1-6days) were taken on x-axis and percentage of prey caught during 2nd half of winter(7-12days) were taken on y-axis.