According to the punctuated equilibria model,(A) given enough time, most existing species will branchgradually into new species.(B) most new species accumulate their unique features relatively rapidly as they come into existence, then changelittle for the rest of their duration as a species.(C) most evolution occurs in sympatric populations.(D) speciation is usually due to a single mutation.

According to the punctuated equilibria model,(A) given enough time, most existing species will branchgradually into new species.(B) most new species accumulate their unique features relatively rapidly as they come into existence, then changelittle for the rest of their duration as a species.(C) most evolution occurs in sympatric populations.(D) speciation is usually due to a single mutation.

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter11: Evolution And Its Processes

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4RQ: What is the difference between micro- and macroevolution? a. Microevolution describes the evolution...

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What is the difference between micro- and macroevolution? a. Microevolution describes the evolution of small organisms, such as insects, while macroevolution describes the evolution of large organisms, like people and elephants. b. Microevolution describes the evolution of microscopic entities, such as molecules and proteins, while macroevolution describes the evolution of whole organisms. c. Microevolution describes the evolution of populations, while macroevolution describes the emergence of new species over long periods of time. d. Microevolution describes the evolution of organisms over their lifetimes, while macroevolution describes the evolution of organisms over multiple generations.
What is the significance of the process of speciation to change in population from generation to generation? Explain the meaning of the theory referred to as "survival of the fittest". Why are the concepts of adaptations, survival and extinction closely related?
Is the rate of evolution, based on the supply of genetic variation and the strength of natural selection, fast enough to account for the emergence of major new kinds of organisms, such as birds and whales?
The four main forces of evolution are mutation, genetic drift, gene flow, and natural selection. Which one of the four forces of evolution will NOT be operating on groups undergoing macroevolution?
In 350 words, distinguish between sympatric, allopatric and parapatric speciation.
Which of the following statements is false? a. Gradual speciation is most likely to occur in a large population that lives in a stable climate. b. Punctuated equilibrium is unlikely to occur in a large population that lives in a stable climate. c. Gradual speciation and punctuated equilibrium both result in the divergence of species. d. Gradual speciation is most likely to occur in a small population that experiences a rapid change in its environment.
Once a mutualistic relationship evolves between two species, will natural selection and co-evolution cause the two species to become continuously more dependent on each other? Or is it possible for one to end the mutualism? Describe.
Fixity of Species refers to… Group of answer choices A-the theory that species exist at a fixed location along a physiological continuum B-the fact that species are defined by fixed adaptations to their direct environment C-the theory presented by Thomas Malthus that population densities of any given species are most affected by mortality and fertility rates D-the pre-darwinian notion that species, once created, can never change E-the late 19th century concept that because mendelian traits are fixed they are evidence that variation within and between species are designed by God specifically for those species
What are the five mass extinctions of the past and the current theory of the sixth mass extinction? For each extinctions, what caused the extinction and how was ecosystem stability impacted? Was there any speciation that occurred afterward?
If the phylogenetic species concept (PSC) were used to define species, rather than the biological species concept (BSC), how might that change the estimates of species diversity (numbers of species) on a worldwide basis? True or False: Estimates of species diversity are likely to change if the PSC is used. In particular, one would expect the number of species to increase. This is because individuals from divergent allopatric populations that can potentially interbreed would belong to the same species under the BSC. These same organisms would be classified as members of different species under the PSC.
What conditions make it likely that a small group of closely related species will increase to a large number of species by means of rapid speciation?
One way to prevent a small population of a plant or animal species from going extinct is to deliberately introduce some individuals from a large population of the same species into the smaller population. In terms of the evolutionary mechanisms discussed in this chapter, what are the potential beneﬁts and drawbacks of transferring individuals from one population to another? Do you think biologists and concerned citizens should take such actions?