According to the reading by Busbecq (attached), what key aspect of the Ottoman social order made the Ottoman empire stronger than European states? Was it simply military power, or did other social factors play a role in distinguishing the Ottomans from Europeans? SourcesfromthePastGhislain de Busbecq's Concerns about the Ottoman EmpireOgier Ghiselin de Busbecq was a diplomat who traveled toIstanbul in 1555 as a representative of Habsburg KingFerdinand of Hungary and Bohemia to negotiate a borderdispute between Ferdinand and Sultan Suleyman theMagnificent. In a series of four letters to a friend, Ghislaincommented on Ottoman state, society, customs, and militaryforces. His observations left him deeply concerned aboutthe prospects of Christian Europe in the event of conflictwith the Ottoman realm.be handed down from father to son, but that they are partly thegift of God, and partly the result of good training, great industry,and unwearied zeal; arguing that high qualities do not descendfrom a father to his son or heir, any more than a talent for music,mathematics or the like...; Among the Turks, therefore, hon-ors, high posts, and judgeships are the rewards of great abilityand good service. If a man is dishonest, or lazy, or careless, heremains at the bottom of the ladder, and object of contempt; forsuch qualities there are no honors in Turkey!This is the reason that they are successful in their under-takings, that they lord it over others, and are daily extending thebounds of their empire. These are not our ideals, with us thereis no opening left for merit; birth is the standard for everything;the prestige of birth is the sole key to advancement in publicThe Sultan [Suleyman “the Lawgiver"] was seated on a very lowottoman, not more than a foot from the ground, which was cov-ered with a quantity of costly rugs and cushions of exquisiteworkmanship; near him lay his bow and arrows ..; The Sultanthen listened to what I had to say; but the language I used was notat all to his taste, for the demands of his Majesty breathed a spiritof independence and dignity, which was by no means acceptableto one who deemed that his wish was law; and so he made noanswer beyond saying in an impatient way, "Giusel, giusel," thatis, "well, well." After this we were dismissed to our quarters.The Sultan's hall was crowded with people, among whomwere several officers of high rank. Besides these, there were allthe troopers of the Imperial guard, and a large force of Janissar-ies [the elite infantry corps], but there was not in all that greatassembly a single man who owed his position to anything savehis valor and his merit. No distinction is attached to birth amongthe Turks; the respect to be paid to a man is measured by theposition he holds in the public service. There is no fighting forprecedence; a man's place is marked out by the duties he dis-charge...; It is by merit that men rise in the service, a systemservice.It makes me shudder to think of what the result of a strugglebetween such different systems must be; one of us must prevailand the other be destroyed, at any rate we cannot both exist insafety. On their side is the vast wealth of their empire, unimpairedresources, experience and practice in arms, a veteran soldiery,an uninterrupted series of victories, readiness to endure hard-ships, union, order, discipline, thrift, and watchfulness. On oursare found an empty exchequer, luxurious habits, exhausted re-sources, broken spirits, a raw and insubordinate soldiery, andgreedy generals; there is no regard for discipline, license runsriot, the men indulge in drunkenness and debauchery, and worstof all, the enemy are accustomed to victory, we, to defeat. Canwe doubt what the result must be?For Further Reflectionwhich ensures that posts should only be assigned to the com-petent. Each man in Turkey carries in his own hand his ancestryand his position in life, which he may make or mar as he will.I What key aspect of the Ottoman social order, accordingto de Busbecq, made the Ottoman empire stronger thanEuropean states? Was it simply military power, or did othersocial factors play a role in distinguishing the Ottomansfrom Europeans?Those who receive the highest offices from the Sultan are forthe most part the sons of shepherds or herdsmen, and so farfrom being ashamed of their parentage, they actually glory in it,and consider it a matter of boasting that they owe nothing tothe accident of birth; for they do not believe that high qualitiesare either natural or hereditary, nor do they thing that they canSource: Foster, C. T. and F. H. Blackburne Daniell. "Suleyman 'theLawgiver." in The Life and Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq.vol. 1. London: Hakluyt Society, 1881. pg. 152-156.

Question

According to the reading by Busbecq (attached), what key aspect of the Ottoman social order made the Ottoman empire stronger than European states? Was it simply military power, or did other social factors play a role in distinguishing the Ottomans from Europeans? SourcesfromthePastGhislain de Busbecq's Concerns about the Ottoman EmpireOgier Ghiselin de Busbecq was a diplomat who traveled toIstanbul in 1555 as a representative of Habsburg KingFerdinand of Hungary and Bohemia to negotiate a borderdispute between Ferdinand and Sultan Suleyman theMagnificent. In a series of four letters to a friend, Ghislaincommented on Ottoman state, society, customs, and militaryforces. His observations left him deeply concerned aboutthe prospects of Christian Europe in the event of conflictwith the Ottoman realm.be handed down from father to son, but that they are partly thegift of God, and partly the result of good training, great industry,and unwearied zeal; arguing that high qualities do not descendfrom a father to his son or heir, any more than a talent for music,mathematics or the like...; Among the Turks, therefore, hon-ors, high posts, and judgeships are the rewards of great abilityand good service. If a man is dishonest, or lazy, or careless, heremains at the bottom of the ladder, and object of contempt; forsuch qualities there are no honors in Turkey!This is the reason that they are successful in their under-takings, that they lord it over others, and are daily extending thebounds of their empire. These are not our ideals, with us thereis no opening left for merit; birth is the standard for everything;the prestige of birth is the sole key to advancement in publicThe Sultan [Suleyman “the Lawgiver&#34;] was seated on a very lowottoman, not more than a foot from the ground, which was cov-ered with a quantity of costly rugs and cushions of exquisiteworkmanship; near him lay his bow and arrows ..; The Sultanthen listened to what I had to say; but the language I used was notat all to his taste, for the demands of his Majesty breathed a spiritof independence and dignity, which was by no means acceptableto one who deemed that his wish was law; and so he made noanswer beyond saying in an impatient way, &#34;Giusel, giusel,&#34; thatis, &#34;well, well.&#34; After this we were dismissed to our quarters.The Sultan's hall was crowded with people, among whomwere several officers of high rank. Besides these, there were allthe troopers of the Imperial guard, and a large force of Janissar-ies [the elite infantry corps], but there was not in all that greatassembly a single man who owed his position to anything savehis valor and his merit. No distinction is attached to birth amongthe Turks; the respect to be paid to a man is measured by theposition he holds in the public service. There is no fighting forprecedence; a man's place is marked out by the duties he dis-charge...; It is by merit that men rise in the service, a systemservice.It makes me shudder to think of what the result of a strugglebetween such different systems must be; one of us must prevailand the other be destroyed, at any rate we cannot both exist insafety. On their side is the vast wealth of their empire, unimpairedresources, experience and practice in arms, a veteran soldiery,an uninterrupted series of victories, readiness to endure hard-ships, union, order, discipline, thrift, and watchfulness. On oursare found an empty exchequer, luxurious habits, exhausted re-sources, broken spirits, a raw and insubordinate soldiery, andgreedy generals; there is no regard for discipline, license runsriot, the men indulge in drunkenness and debauchery, and worstof all, the enemy are accustomed to victory, we, to defeat. Canwe doubt what the result must be?For Further Reflectionwhich ensures that posts should only be assigned to the com-petent. Each man in Turkey carries in his own hand his ancestryand his position in life, which he may make or mar as he will.I What key aspect of the Ottoman social order, accordingto de Busbecq, made the Ottoman empire stronger thanEuropean states? Was it simply military power, or did othersocial factors play a role in distinguishing the Ottomansfrom Europeans?Those who receive the highest offices from the Sultan are forthe most part the sons of shepherds or herdsmen, and so farfrom being ashamed of their parentage, they actually glory in it,and consider it a matter of boasting that they owe nothing tothe accident of birth; for they do not believe that high qualitiesare either natural or hereditary, nor do they thing that they canSource: Foster, C. T. and F. H. Blackburne Daniell. &#34;Suleyman 'theLawgiver.&#34; in The Life and Letters of Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq.vol. 1. London: Hakluyt Society, 1881. pg. 152-156.

Accepted Answer

The mighty Ottoman Empire ruled for more than 600 years, reaching its zenith during the 15th and…