All of the following are involved in transcription excepta) polymerase.          b) primer.            c) promoter.d) sigma factor.        e) uracil.

Q: How might a bacteriophage be used to treat bacterial infections in humans?

A: INTRODUCTION Bacteriophages These are the viruses that kills bacteria.

Q: What defines a genome?

A: A branch of molecular biology dealing with the evolution, structure, function, as well as mapping of…

Q: What ensures fidelity in protein synthesis? How does this compare with the fidelity of replication…

A: Protein synthesis is the last step of the central dogma. It occurs after the replication of DNA and…

Q: Define what is bacteriophage ?

A: Viruses which use bacteria as their host to survive and multiply are known as Bacteriophages.

Q: What three mechanisms ensure the accuracy of replication in bacteria?

A: The process in which the DNA molecule is duplicated into another copy is termed as DNA replication.…

Q: If you had the RNA sequence below: 5' UUUGGAG3 and you were going to make a piece of DNA that would…

A: Uracil is the unique base in RNA, whereas in DNA it is thymine..  The strands runs antiparallel; one…

Q: Which of the following processes require DNA ligase?

A: The genetic engineering is the process that uses several enzymes and mechanism to make organisms…

Q: What is the process known as reverse transcriptase.?

A: 'Reverse' means opposite. Transcription is the process of RNA synthesis from DNA. Transcriptase is…

Q: Which transcription systems that require TBP?

A: Hello. Since your question has multiple parts, we will solve the first question for you. If you want…

Q: Explain the RNA-first hypothesis ?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  RNA There is presence of single helix. The bases present in this are Adenine,…

Q: What does DNA transformation refer to?

A: Genetic material passes on from parents to offspring along with the information loaded in the form…

Q: What are bacteriophages, and what is unique about their structure?

A: The viruses are considered to be non-living when they are out of the host as they lack cellular…

Q: What is the purpose of bacterial transformation?

A: Transformation is the genetic alteration in a cell by direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous…

Q: What type of energy is required for new bacteriophages to be assembled?

A: Answer: Bacteriophages : These are the bacteria causing viruses. These virus/phage infect the…

Q: Explain the initiation factors?

A: DNA is the nucleic acids present in the organisms. DNA is the deoxy-ribose nucleic acid in which…

Q: What are bacteriophages?

A: The term bacteriophage has two components, bacteria and phage. Bacteria are unicellular and…

Q: Which enzyme is responsible for Supercoiling?

A: DNA supercoiling is over or under coiling of the DNA strand to produce a negatively supercoiled…

Q: What is bacteriophage ?

A: Viruses are acellular in nature. They contain a genetic material made up of DNA or RNA which is…

Q: Which biomolecule is transcribed from DNA and then used to create proteins?

A: DNA is the genetic material in most organisms. These are found in all the cell of an organism. They…

Q: What is Genophore in biology?

A: Prokaryotic cells are mostly small in size. Their size varies and lies in the range of few…

Q: What are the function of initiation,elongation,termination?

A: Translation is a process which involves the synthesis of the proteins from the information encoded…

Q: What is the process of transformation in bacteria?

A: Transformation of bacteria and certain other cells is a versatile tool in genetic engineering. The…

Q: Why is gene transfer important?

A: Horizontal gene transfer is a method of transfer of genetic material between two bacteria of the…

Q: What is the result of superantigens?

A: Antigens (Ag) are toxins or pathogens. The immune system produces antibodies (Ab) against them as an…

Q: Which type of RNA is the biggest? Which is the smallest?

A: RNA or ribonucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides. The nucleotides are linked together by means of…

Q: Who coined the term Genophore?

A: Bacteria are prokaryotes. They are unicellular organisms that lack internal membrane-bound…

Q: How would you describe the three phases of biotransformation?

A: Biotransformation is the alteration of drug molecules by the animal cell.

Q: What is gene conversion? How does it arise?

A: Gene conversion is a process in which a homologous sequence is replaced by the one DNA sequence in a…

Q: What causes bacterial transformation?

A: Bacterial transformation is a process of horizontal gene transfer by which some bacteria take up…

Q: How many tailed bacteriophages are there, and where are they located?

A: According to the question, we have to mention the number of the tailed bacteriophages and where they…

Q: Is an ORF a gene?

A: Genes carry coded genetic information in the form of specific nucleotide sequences. This specific…

Q: Does bacterial transformation occur in nature?

A: Transformation is the change in the genome of an organism. Transformation is one of the methods of…

Q: What Creates an Epigenome ?

A: Introduction  Gene expression during the developmental phase can be regulated by several factors…

Q: What processes are involved in bacteriophage assembly?

A: A bacteriophage or phage is a type of virus that infects bacteria, as indicated by the name which…

Q: Can transposons move from one cell to another?

A: Mutations are changes that occurs in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence, either due to…

Q: How is cDNA produced?

A: cDNA refers to the complementary DNA. It is used to clone eukaryotic genes in prokaryote.

Q: How do we know that DNA synthesis is discontinuous on one of the two template strands?

A: DNA replication refers to the process of making two identical copies of a DNA molecule. This…

Q: What is the primary function of the sigma factor? Is therea protein in eukaryotes analogous to the…

A: SIGMA FACTOR : are RNA polymerase detachable polypeptide component. Eukaryotic transcription factors…

Q: What is the function of the sigma factor?

A: BASIC INFORMATION  Transcription  It is the process of formation of messenger mRNA in order to form…

Q: What is Transduction?

A: Sexual reproduction involving the formation and fusion of gametes is absent in bacteria. However,…

Q: What is gene conversion?

A: The functional unit of heredity is termed as a gene. It is composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Q: In genetic transformation, what is meant by the wordcompetence?

A: The process of taking up naked or foreign deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from the environment is called…

Q: What is the difference between a bacteriophage and a prophage?

A: Bacteriophages are the viruses that use bacterial as their host. These viruses specifically infect…

Q: Does bacterial transformation occur naturally?

A: Transformation is the change in the genome of an organism. Transformation is one of the methods of…

Viral Replication

The virus is acellular and considered non-living outside the host cell. The replication of the virus occurs only inside the living cells. Only a few genes are present in the smallest virus, whereas many genes are present in the largest virus. These genes encode specific viral proteins.